34 0. B. B0GG1LD. BOTTOM SAMPLES. [norvv. pol. EXP. 



that a not very powerful current such as this north-going stream, can hardly 

 be expected to carry great quantities of material very far from land, before 

 they will fall into the cross-current lying below it. Neither can the material 

 originating from the ice be very considerable as there can hardly be much 

 opportunity of melting in these districts. 



Samples Nos. 11 and 12 are from just east of the preceding one, and 

 thus rather nearer to the New Siberian Islands. The samples are taken 

 from a far smaller depth, 135 and 100 m., while No. 10 is from about 1460 m. 

 These samples are quite different, No. 11 being more sandy, and No. 12 more 

 clayey. So little of the deposit was obtained in the first, No. 11, that it was not 

 examined more especially. The reason for its more sandy consistency in 

 comparison with No. 12 may be the same as was given in the cases of 

 samples 8 and 9, namely that No. 11 is situated in a stronger current, while 

 No. 12 is in comparatively quiet water; but possibly also other unknown 

 reasons can have prevailed during the formation of these samples. 



The two samples, Nos. 13 a and 14 were taken rather close to one 

 another, in very deep water; it is not therefore to be expected that there 

 would be any appreciable difference between them. The curves are also 

 almost exactly alike, and are both exceedingly regular, with few particles of 

 more than 0"05 mm., and with the maximum for the sandy particles at 

 about ^ T mm., and that for the clay particles about 0'01. The clay has 

 thus only partially been disintegrated by boiling, but still in far greater 

 quantities than might be expected from the circumstance that these samples 

 have been deposited so slowly; the rule already mentioned holds good here, 

 that in very deep water the cementing together of the clay takes place only 

 in a very slight degree. The colour of both samples is given as greyish 

 brown, and in reality is not very far from pure brown. Sample No. 13 b 

 is designated as the upper layer; unfortunately there was so little of it that 

 not even the colour could be determined; otherwise it would have been 

 extremely interesting to see whether the difference between the upper and 

 lower layer was in the same direction as in No. 10. 



Sample No. 15 was taken at a great distance from land, almost due 

 north of Cape Chelyuskin. It has the most pronounced deep-water character 

 of all the samples examined, with a greatly preponderating quantity of clayey 

 matter, and among the mineral particles the finest are especially predominant. 



