60 O.B.B0GGILD. BOTTOM DEPOSITS. APPENDIX II. [NORW. POL. EXP. 



Between bulloides and pachyderma numerous transition forms were 

 observed. 



The Globigerina shells seem to have been dead for a long time. They 

 are either empty or filled with a brown granular mass, which absorbs dye- 

 stuffs badly 1 . This mass is certainly mud. The thickness of the shell-wall 

 is 0012— 0-035 mm. 



The other Thalamophora, from the brown clay are true bottom forms. 

 The most of them are small, starved deep water forms, only three species, 

 Bolivina punctata, Spiroplecta biformis and Polystomella arctica are as a 

 rule distributed in comparatively shallow water. 



The size of Pullenia sphaeroides is 007 mm. 



„ „ „ „ quinqueloba „ - 07— - 16 mm. 



„ „ „ Lagena orbignyana „ 02 mm. 



„ „ „ Bolivina punctata „ 01 „ 



„ „ „ Spiropleda biformis „ 0-14 „ 



„ „ „ Discorbina berthelothiana „ - 042— 0072 mm. 

 „ „ „ „ arancana „ - 14 mm. 



„ „ „ Quinqueloculina seminulum „ 03 „ 



With respect to the occurrence of Thalamophora it may be said that 

 the mud from the depths of the North Polar Basin is very much like 

 the Biloculina clay in the Norwegian Sea, although it lacks the Biloculina 

 shells. But the other Thalamophora occur in like number and appearence 

 just as in the Biloculina clay. This is aspecially true of Globigerina as also 

 of the true bottom forms such as Quinqueloculina seminulum, Pullenia 

 and Discorbina spp. etc. 



The bottom forms are proportionally rare and they probably originate 

 from mud, which the ice constantly carries from the coasts of the Polar Sea. 

 The occurrence of salt water Thalamophora in the mud from the surface of 

 the polar ice, shows that the mud belongs to recent or post-tertiary marine 

 deposits. 



The mud from 1600 metres lacks Thalamophora. Only in the under 

 layer were some small arenaceous shells found, of which one specimen, 

 Reophax difflugii formis, is distributed in deep water deposits from Franz 



1 The majority of the bottom samples were preserved in spirit. 



