THE LARCH-PINE FOREST. 



219 



Shrubs: 



Gaultheria shallon. 

 Berberis nervosa. 

 Berberis aquifolium. 

 Vaccinium parvifolium. 

 Vaccinium macrophyllum 

 Vaccinium ovatum. 

 Salix scouleriana. 

 Acer circinatum. 

 Acer glabrum. 

 Cornus nuttallii. 



Herbs: 



Pteris aquilina. 

 Epilobium spicatum. 

 Blechnum spicant. 

 Polystichum munitum. 

 Anaphalis margaritacea. 

 Adenocaulum bicolor. 

 Oxalis oregana. 

 Oxalis pumila. 

 Fragaria vesca. 

 Cornus canadensis. 

 Trientalis latifolia. 

 Clintonia uniflora. 

 Asarum caudatum. 

 Actaea spicata arguta. 



Echinopanax horridum. 

 Sambucus callicarpa. 

 Sambucus glauca. 

 Rubus parviflorus. 

 Rubus spectabilis 

 Ribes sanguineum. 

 Ribes bracteosum. 

 Ribes laxiflorum. 

 Ribes lacustre. 

 Pirus diversifolia. 



Tiarella trifoliata. 

 Tellima grandiflora. 

 Mitella trifida. 

 Pirola picta. 

 Aquilegia formosa. 

 Anemone oregana. 

 Anemone quinquefolia. 

 Antennaria racemosa. 

 Disporum smithii. 

 Streptopus roseus. 

 Washingtonia divaricata. 

 Vancouveria hexandra. 

 Viola sempervirens. 



Menziesia ferruginea. 

 Pachystigma myrsinites. 

 Chimaphila umbellata. 

 Linnaea borealis. 

 Spiraea menziesii 

 Symphoricarpus mollis. 

 Viburnum ellipticum. 

 Prunus emarginata. 

 Rhododendrum ellipticum. 



Viola howellii. 

 Lilium parviflorum. 

 Lathyrus polyphyllus. 

 Trillium ovatum. 

 Smilacina amplexicaulis. 

 Apocynum androsaemifolium. 

 Lupinus lepidus. 

 Lupinus rivularis. 

 Ranunculus occidentalis. 

 Ranunculus oreganus. 

 Calypso borealis. 

 Moneses uniflora. 

 Dicentra formosa. 



THE LARCH-PINE FOREST. 



LARIX-PINUS ASSOCIATION. 



Nature and extent. — The transition forest shows much of the general char- 

 acter of the coastal association, but in a smaller way. The trees are not so 

 vigorous and the association is less dense and exclusive. Of the four major 

 dominants of the cedar-hemlock forest, Picea sitchensis has disappeared, Tsuga 

 and Thuja are greatly reduced in importance as a rule, and Pseudotsuga shares 

 the control with several equally important species. The canopy is more open 

 and the undergrowth richer in both species and individuals. There is a wider 

 range of habitat conditions with the result that the major dominants are more 

 equal in rank and occur in more clearly differentiated groupings. 



This association occupies the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains of 

 Washington and Oregon, below the subalpine zone. It stretches across the 

 mountains of northern Washington into northern Idaho and northwestern 

 Montana, reaching its eastern limit on the western slopes of the Continental 

 Divide. It is found on the Gold and Selkirk Ranges of southeastern British 

 Columbia and in the Blue and Wallowa Mountains of Oregon and adjacent 

 Washington. From here it extends eastward through the ranges of Idaho to 

 the southern portion of the Bitterroot Mountains. To the southeast, as well 

 as in the interior ranges of British Columbia and northern Washington, it is 

 often reduced to one or two of the dominants found in the Petran montane 

 forest, and it then becomes impossible to draw a clear line between the two 

 formations (plate 52). 



DOMINANTS. 



Larix occidentalis. 



PlNTJS MONTICOLA. 



Abies grandis. 



Thuja plicata. 

 Tsuga heterophylla. 

 Pseudotsuga mucronata. 



PlNUS PONDEROSA. 

 PlNUS CONTORTA. 

 PlCEA ENGELMANNI. 



