70 



A portion of the land on which the experiments with grasses and 

 clovers were made is what is locally known as " white land." By this 

 term is meant a heavy clay of whitish color, usnally covered or saturated 

 with water during the winter and spring months, destitute of natural 

 drainage, and generally the lowest portion of an extensive tract of com- 

 paratively level country. It yields a light pasturage of native grasses 

 where undisturbed by the plow. There is a large amount of this land in 

 the Willamette Valley which is giving but small returns to the farmers 

 who attempt to cultivate il. It is considered of inferior quality for 

 farm or pasture land. Wheat and oats do not fill well on this land and 

 the grasses which grow upon it are some varieties of Agrostis (Red- 

 top), Aira (Hair-grass), and Alopecurus (Foxtail), which are of an in- 

 ferior quality and afford but a scant pasturage for stock. The great 

 trouble with this laud is excessive moisture, and the remedy is thorough 

 drainage and careful cultivation. The author feels confident that with 

 proper management, grasses, clovers, and other forage plants can be 

 profitably grown on this land. 



Then follow brief notes of experiments with teosinte (^Mc/ttewrt luxii- 

 rians), spurry, serradella. Madia sativa, Johnson grass {Sorghum hale- 

 pense), sainfoin {OnohrycMs sativa), and spring vetches ( Vieia sativa), and 

 a list of the fifty-three species of grasses, clovers, and other forage plants 

 grown at the station. The large extent of the area in Oregon which 

 must be used for pasturage, if at all, m akes the study of forage plants 

 a very important one for this station. 



Tests of varieties. — Kotes are given on 13 varieties of wheat, 15 of 

 oats, 4 of buckwheat, 41 of corn, 7^) of potatoes, 24 of sorghum, 4 of 

 ruta-bagas, 5 of mangels, 3 of carrots, and 2 of sugar-beets. 



Horticultural notes, E. E. Lake, M. S. (pp. 19-27). — This in- 

 cludes a list of vegetables planted in 1889, with brief notes on a few 

 varieties of beets, cabbages, carrots, caulitiowers, celery, cucumbers, 

 peas, radishes, tomatoes, and turnips; a list of the deciduous trees and 

 shrubs, evergreens, vines and climbers, and house plants growing at 

 the station ; and a list of proposed plantings in 1890 of small and 

 orchard fruits, and nut-trees. For lists of the small and orchard fruits 

 previously grown at the station, reference is made to Bulletin No. 2 of 

 this station. 



Chemical analyses, P. H. Irish, Ph. D., and W. D. Bigelow, B. 

 A. (pp. 28-35). — Analyses of specimens of clay, rock, mineral water, 

 and wheat are reported. An apparatus used at the station in the de- 

 termination of fat in vegetable substances is described and illustrated. 



Oregon Station, Bulletin No. 5, April, 1890 (p. 31). 



Entomological notes, F. L. AVashburn, B. A. (pp. 3-23, illus- 

 trated). — Brief descriptive notes, with suggestions as to remedies for 

 the codling moth, woolly aphis, green aphis, pear-tree slug, peach-tree 

 borer, San Jose scale, fiat-headed apple-tree borer, gooseberry fruit 



