160 



in every outbreak, as the "cbarboii tly." Upon investigation it was 

 found that these flies attack the animals in sucli numbers as to leave on 

 the back, belly, and legs a thick mass of clotted blood. As the germ of 

 charbon was found in flies bloated with the blood of diseased mules, it 

 was concluded that the flies are active agents in desseminating the 

 disease. 



Inoculation was practiced by Dr. Connoway on a large number of 

 animals, but with what result the bulletin does not state. Some of the 

 l^reventive measures advised are thorough disinfection of premises, 

 painting the woodwork with a solution of carbolic acid to aid in keep- 

 ing out the flies, giving the animals only well-water to drink, and the 

 burning of all animals that die of the disease. 



The following treatment was found very effectual : 



" The moment the first symptoms are noticed the animal should be 

 drenched with chlorate of potash 4 drams, tincture of the muriate of 

 iron, 1 tablespoonful. Give in a pint of water, and repeat in three 

 hours. Bathe the swellings with a mixture of one part carbolic acid 

 to eight parts of water. * * * An abundance of good nutritious 

 food, pure air, well-water, and protection from hot sun and rain are 

 absolutely essential to success." 



Missouri Station, Bulletin No. 11, May, 1890 (pp. 60). 



Texas fever, Paul Paquin, M. D., V. S. (illustrated).— This is a 

 report on investigations n)ade between September, 1888, and March,. 

 1890, by the author in co-operation with M. Francis, D. V, M., of the 

 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, and E. R. Dinwiddie, M. D., 

 V. S., of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, who furnished 

 some of the material and otherwise assisted in the work. The collec- 

 tion of specimens was begun in October, 1888, when soils, manures, 

 ticks, urines, livers, spleens, kidneys, blood, bile, specimens from un- 

 born calves, and fodders were obtained from various infected localities. 

 These were carefully examined with a view to the discovery of a virus 

 capable of producing Texas fever. Germs were found in all the speci- 

 mens examined. Two important facts appear to have been brought out: 

 first, that germs may be found in the normal liquids and tissues of in- 

 fectious Southern cattle which appear healthy, and even in the young 

 before birth, as well as in the manures, surface soils, waters, etc., of 

 grounds where the fever originates ; second, that this germ may be ab- 

 sent in dry fodder, well-water, spring water, and the subsoil in the in- 

 fected district. 



A 80-acre pasture in Boone County, Missouri, was secured and fitted 

 up with suitable pens for the accommodation of cattle, in order to test the 

 virulence of the Southern cattle-plague and study the development of 

 the disease in Northern stock. From these experiments the following 

 deductions were made: (1) that some of the germs found in Southern 

 soils, waters, manures, etc., are identical with those found in cases of 



