213 



umn, * « * The flivisious ou the tube that the fat occupies should be read after 

 it has stood at least iifteeii minutes in water at a temperature of 140° Fah. (60-^ C.)- 



With Cochran's method a separation of the fat from buttermilk is nearly always 

 obtained. The separation by Patrick's process is greatly helped by boiling the milk 

 and acid sotiiewhat longer than usual, adding about 5 cubic centimeters of ether 

 when the mixture is cool, and then bringing it to a boil by heating gradually till the 

 ether is all evaporated. 



Cochran's and Patrick's methods especially commend themselves by the rapidity 

 and ease with which the details can be comprehended and a sample of milk analyzed 

 T)y almost any careful person, though not accustomed to such work. With each 

 method, directions for using it are given ; but any one wishing practical instruction 

 in manipulation and use of the apparatus, may find it to his advantage to visit the 

 laboratory of this station, where au opportunity will be given him for instruction in 

 the process. 



Iowa Station, Bulletin No. 10, August, 1890 (pp. 50). 



Our rusted and elighted wheat, oats, and barley in 1890, 11. 

 P. Speer (pp. 301-400). — Au account of cereal crops growu at the 

 station, with observations on rust, blight, and yields, discussion of 

 causes of the falling off in yields during recent years, and recommenda- 

 tions of crops to be substituted for those now grown in Iowa. 



In 18S8 we sowed many kinds of oats, wheat, and barley, but all of them were so 

 much injured by rust that they were scarcely worth harvesting. In 1889 we sowed 

 them again, and a considerable number of them proved productive, and showed no 

 signs of disease, while others suffered severely from rust, although the growing 

 season was much more fa.vorable for such crops than the preceding one. In 1890 we 

 discarded certain varieties which had proved unreliable and procured others that 

 were promising. 



This year (1890) there were sowu at the station thirty varieties of 

 oats on March 26, and three on April 17 ; nine varieties of spring wheat 

 and eight of barley on March 26, 27, and 23. 



On many of the hottest days of .June and July there were high, drying winds from 

 the south and southwest, which were very unfavorable to all kinds of crops. All the 

 varieties were severely injured by wet and blight, except French Hybrid and Velvet 

 Chaff Blue Stem wheat, Manshury barley, and Improved American and Everett 

 oats. The three varieties of oats sowu April 17 suffered more than the others. On 

 Jnly 12 I examined oat fields carefully on tsventy-four farms in Story County, and 

 found all of them more or less rusted ; but the best oats were found where the seed- 

 ing was done very early last spring in unplowed corn-stalk fields with two-horse cul- 

 tivators. 



Seven varieties of winter wheat were sown in the fall of 1889. 



No rust appeared on the winter wheats until about the 28th day of June, when 

 they were so nearly ripe that it injured them but little. They were harvested on 

 July '.i, when I estimated the yield of the Turkish wheat at 24, the Golden Cross at 

 20, and the other kiuds at from 12 to 15 bushels per acre. For the purpose of deter- 

 mining what varieties are most productive, least liable to sutler from rust, or to be 

 blown down and Injured by storms, we have growu a large number of kinds of oats, 

 wheat, and barley, where they were exposed to the same and very different surround- 

 ing conditions for three years. From such experiments on the college farm, and many 

 others which I have conducted on my own farm during the last twenty-five years, I 

 have drawn conclusions which I will give below with the facts on which they are 



