254 



Tennessee Station, Bulletin Vol. Ill, No. 3, July, 1890 (pp. 24). 



Points about countky roads, W. W. Carson, C. E., M. E., (pp. 

 43-64). — lu au introduction the director of the station states tbat this 

 article was prepared at his request by Professor Carsou, who occupies 

 the chair of civil engiueering in the University of Tennessee, with a 

 view to aiding the movement in that State iu favor of better country 

 roads. 



As the farmer gets the same price for what he sells whatever distance 

 he has to haul his produce to the railroad station the cost of hauling- 

 comes entirely out of his pocket. It has been estimated that our poor 

 roads cost the farmer at least $15 a year for ever\' horse. The question 

 of improved road making is thus of great im portance. 



" For a country road, the question of most importance is the draft j 

 that is, the number of horses needed to draw a given load, or (to state 

 it otherwise) the load that one horse can draw. We need, therefore, to 

 see what effect different grades and road coveiings have on draft." 

 Tables are quoted from General Gilmore's work entitled " Eoads, Streets* 

 and Pavements," to show the relative draft of different kinds of roads 

 at different grades. Calculations based on these tables are given to 

 show how the work done by the horse is distributed and what are the 

 effects of different grades and kinds of roads on the cost of hauling. 

 The author favors the payment of the road tax in money instead of 

 labor and the employment of State and county engineers to superintend 

 the making of roads. The location and construction of proper roads 

 are discussed in some detail. 



Utah Station, Bulletin No. 1, Jun§, 1890 (pp. 12). 



Investigations in progress at the station, J. W. Sanborn, 

 B. S. (illustrated). — Brief historical statements are made relating to the 

 experiment station enterprise in this and other countries. The Utah 

 Station was founded by an act of the Territorial legislature of 1888^ 

 but was not organized until near the end of 1889, when a director was 

 appointed. Five buildings for the use of the station are being erected, 

 a laboratory, bank barn (surrounded by a silo, root cellar, hog-house, 

 engine-house, and wagon-shed), farm and dairy-house, and two cottages. 

 The station is also well equipped with chemical ai)paratus and farm 

 and horticultural implements. The legislature of the Territory has 

 supplemented the national grants of money by a liberal appropriation 

 for buildings, farm tools, and stock. " Eighty-flve acres of the station 

 farm are now covered with crops ; 40 acres are serving the combined 

 purposes of inquiry and economic farming.'' The field experiments now 

 iu progress include tests of grasses, clovers, and other forage plants; 

 oats, wheat, corn, barley, sorghum, and sugar-beets; the cultivation of 

 corn, potatoes, and wheat; rotation of crops ; tests of fertilizers; and the 



