298 



solely, and not on food; but it ia well known among handlers of cotton- 

 seed butter that its effect on texture is quite similar to the effect of over- 

 working." 



2, Cotton seed vs. cottonseed meal, — With daily rations consisting of 

 11 pounds of oats together with either 4 pounds of cottonseed meal or 

 11 pounds of cotton seed, raw or cooked, the effects seemed to be prac- 

 tically identical. The grading of the butter produced on these rations 

 was, however, about 10 points below that produced where no cotton 

 seed or cotton-seed meal was fed. 



3. Cotton seed alone. — Where no other food than cotton seed raw or 

 cooked was fed, the quality of the butter -produced seemed to be consid- 

 erably affected, being graded by the judges about 15 points lower than 

 that produced in the trials where other foods were fed. " From the 

 tables relating to the quality of butter it will be seen that the feeding 

 of cottonseed meal beyond a certain limit injures more or less the quality 

 of butter produced in direct ratio with the quantity fed." The limit 

 with cows on good grass pastures or heavily soiled with green fodders 

 is stated to be about 1 part by weight of cotton-seed meal to either 3 

 j)arts of wheat bran, or 2 of bran and 1 of oats ; or equal parts of cotton- . 

 seed meal, corn meal, and wheat bran. " Where cotton seed is used 

 instead of cotton-seed meal, it is recommended to substitute about 

 three times the weight of cotton seed in place of cotton-seed meal, other 

 proportions remaining the same." Previous experience at the station 

 indicates that the effect of these cottonseed feeds on the butter is more 

 noticeable when they are fed with dried fodders in winter than when fed 

 in larger quantities, with abundant grass, in the spring. 



Effect on color of butter. — " Cotton seed or cotton-seed meal has quite 

 a noticeable effect on the color of butter, rendering the product very 

 much lighter." This effect, owing to the difference in coarse fodders 

 fed, is stated to be more marked in winter than in summer. The case 

 is cited of a Jersey cow whose butter, rich in color when no cotton seed 

 was fed, became "almost as white as tallow" after feeding cotton seed 

 exclusively for two weeks, the -normal color returning when other ra- 

 tions were substituted for the cotton seed. 



Effect on '■^cliurnaMUty.^^ — When cotton-seed meal or cotton seed was 

 fed the temperature required for churning was raised, in the case of 

 acid cream from 4 to 8° Fah., and of sweet cream from 1 to 3° Fah., 

 above that required where neither of these substances had been fed. 

 At a temperature of from 60 to 64° Fah. it was impossible to obtain 

 butter from sour cream, although the churning was continued during 

 five hours. Where the cows were fed on cotton seed or cotton-seed 

 meal exclusively, the most advantageous temperature for the churning 

 was found to be 73 to 80° Fah., the average time required at this 

 temperature being thirty-thretj minutes; when they were fed largely 

 but not entirely on cotton seed or cotton-seed meal tue best tempera- 

 ture seemed to be G8 to 75° Fah., and the average time required thirty- 



