333 



almost immediately after withdrawing her beak, turned about and ap- 

 ph'ed the tip of her abdomen to the small opening into the egg cavity. 

 After remaining in this position for about live minutes she walked awny 

 without turning about to inspect the work she had done. No puncture 

 could be seen in the skin of the apple, but only a minute brown speck. 

 I found that the beetle had plugged the little opening with what ap- 

 peared to be a bit of pomace, probably excrement. * * * Although 

 it is almost impossible to distinguish newly stung fruit from external 

 api)earances, it becomes very easy after a few days, when the infested 

 apples become gnarly and illshapen." The egg, egg cavity, and an 

 apple infested by the curculio are illustratPid from original drawings. 



"The beetles began appearing in my breeding cages on July 22. On 

 August 16 I cut into 14 infested apples and found 13 larvi^e and 2 pupje 

 of this insect, and as late as August 7 I cut into an apple that contained 

 a pupa of the apple curculio, which shows that with this insect, as with 

 the plum curculio, egg laying is distributed through a long i^eriod. 

 Ovipositiou begins in this part of the State about the first of June and 

 continues until late in July, and the beetles are probably not all out of 

 the fruit until late in August. 



" Very few vaiieties of apples were seriously attacked in the college 

 orchard by this insect last summer." 



Treatment with arseuites, jarring the trees, and allowing hogs or 

 sheep to run in the orchard are recommended as means for the repres- 

 sion of the insect. 



Hyperplattjs aspersus, Say, as well as Psenocerus supernotatus, Say, 

 was found on currant bushes on the Iowa Agricultural College grounds 

 in the spring of 1890. 



Kerosene emulsion as a sheep dip and as a destroyer of para- 

 sites ON domestic animals, C. p. Gillette, M. S. (pp. 495-498). — 

 Previous experiments reported in Bulletins Nos. 5 and 7 of the station 

 (See Experiment Station Record, Vol. I, pp. 45 and 213) having sliown 

 " that kerosene emulsion is a cheap, effectual, and desirable remedy" for 

 lice on cattle and hogs, a test of this remedy as a sheep dip was made 

 by the author in 1890. " Forty large, full-blooded Shropshire sheep and 

 eighteen early lambs were treated. The applications were made June 

 23, at which time the wool upon the sheep was a half inch and the wool 

 upon the lambs fully 1^ inches in length. These conditions made the test 

 a severe one, as the chances of removing the fleece or otherwise injuring 

 the sheep were far greater than if the treatment had been made at shear- 

 ing time. The emulsion was also made strong, 8 per cent of the whole 

 being kerosene. This is probably twice as strong as is necessary to kill 

 ticks on sheep." Little injury was done to the wool, and the cost of the 

 treatment was about 2 cents per sheep. By using a 5 per cent emulsion 

 the expense might be reduced to a little over 1 cent per sheep. The ex- 

 perience of the author with horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep leads him to 



