387 



(4) The forestry experiment station at Mariahrunn^ establislied in 

 1874, aims at the development of scientKic principles underlying the 

 rational manajnement of forests. Priv.'ite forests, as well as those 

 belon^^ing to the Government in different parts of Austria, are used 

 for observation. The station is provided with forest gardens for 

 experiments with fertilizers and a nursery for experiments in growing 

 forest- trees. In 1889 this was made a control station for forest seeds. 

 Investigations in entomology and mycology, and especially in meteor- 

 ology as related to forestry, are also carried on here. In 1889 the income 

 of the station was about $9,000. The regular working force includes 

 a director, three assistants, a forester, and two gardeners. Besides 

 these, numerous workmen are temporarily emi)loyed. 



The following stations are not directly under governmental control, 

 though most of them receive more or less aid from the Government. 



(1) The seed-control station of the Agricultural Society of Vienna, 

 established in 1881, makes examinations of seeds and exercises a seed 

 control. It also tests specimens of feeding stuffs, malt, hops. etc. In 

 the season of 1888-89 it made, in behalf of dealers and purchasers, 4,480 

 examinations of 2,201 specimens of seeds and 65 of feeding stuft's. In 

 the same season 48 field experiments with seeds were made in different 

 places, 26 being on peasant farms. The station receives from the Gov- 

 ernment from $300 to $400 per year, the balance of its support coming 

 from fees received for examinations of seeds, etc. The working force 

 includes a director, two assistants, and a laboratory helper. 



(2) Chemical-technical experiment station of the Central Society for Beet 

 Sufjar Industry in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, at Vienna. — This may 

 be regarded as the oldest experiment station in Austria. It was estab- 

 lished in 1859 at Konigsaal in Bohemia, in connection with the first 

 sugar-beet factory- in Austria. It was removed in 1867 to Prague, and 

 in 1871 to Vienna, where it is conducted and supported by the society 

 named. It represents in the largest sense the application of science to 

 the sugar industry in its various details, including soils, manuring, 

 and culture for the sugar-beet and methods of manufacture of sugar. 

 Especial attention is given to analyses of sugar and by-pi'oducts of its 

 manufacture, fertilizers, and various other technical and agricultural 

 products. These analyses are made at fixed rates, persons not 

 members of the society being charged about one third more than the 

 members. In 1889, 4,630 analyses were made, the receipts for which were 

 $7,045. The remainder of the annual expenditure, $890, was made up 

 from the contributions of members to the society treasury. The work- 

 ing force of the station consists of a director, three assistants, and two 

 other persons regularly engaged, others beingemployed as occasion calls. 

 Numerous volunteer assistants and other persons also work in the sta- 

 tion for the sake of the experience. In 1889 there were twelve such 

 persons, and more than twc hundred men, all told, uot only from Aus- 

 tria, hut from Germany, Prance, and Russia, have in this way availed 



