403 



On ihoi whole, tho opcn-paiiicledoibriiiicliiiif;- variiitios.iiKl tlioclosod-jianicled Rido 

 o.its, have yielded equally well. 



lu 18'.K) tbe diin-colored varieties stiKjd iirst in yield of grain, the black seeoud, 

 and the white third. In lb8'J the white varieties stood first and the duu-colored last. 

 The duu-colored varieties contained tho largest per cent of kernel. 



The yield was not materially affected by the length, plnuipness, or by the weight of 

 the berry or the weight per bushel. Those varieties with long, slender, light berries 

 aud light weight per bushel coutaiued appreciably tho larger per cent of kernel. 

 In other words, those varieties Avhich would have sold best on the market, or, what 

 is less important, would have taken the premium at the fairs, did not yield better 

 than the other varieties aud did not have so high a food value. 



Milk and butter tests, G. E. Morrow, M. A. (pp. 370-375).— The 

 results of analyses by E. H. Farriugton of samples of milk of six Ayr- 

 shire, five Holstein-Friesiau, five Jersey, aud two Shorthorn cows, all 

 pure bred, competing at the Illinois State Fair, are given. The prizes 

 were offered for cows producing the largest amount of butter fat dur- 

 ing 24 hours. " In this test quantity of milk proved to be as important 

 as large percentages of fat, the prizes in each case being awarded to 

 the cow givii}g the largest quantity of milk in her class." 



The largest amount of fat was produced by a Holstein-Friesiau cow 

 giving 68.25 i^ounds of milk in 24 hours, containing 2.51 pounds of 

 butter fat. 



Three of the Holstein cows gave yields of milk unusually large for a show-yard 

 test, averaging almost 65 pounds each, which was more than twice as much as was 

 given by any cow of any of the other breeds. The average milk yield of the five 

 Holsteins was more than twice the average in any of the other breeds. This larger 

 yield move than counterbalanced the lower percentage of fat, so that the average 

 quantity of fat i)roduced by the five Holsteins (1.78 pounds) was greater than that 

 produced by any cow of any of the other breeds and twice the average of either the 

 Ayrshires or Shorthorns. The average iiercentage of fat, of solids other than fat, 

 and of total solids was lower than in either of the other breeds. * » » 



The Ayrshires were remarkably uniform in quantity and quality of milk, the four 

 cows over three years old having bxit three pounds variation in milk yield, and com- 

 paratively little in percentage of fat. The average percentage of both fat and total 

 Bolids was low. 



The Jerseys gave the smallest average yield of milk (21.4 pounds), but showed a 

 high average percentage of fat, of total .solids, and of solids other than fat. There 

 was greater variation in the percentage of fat in the milk of the Jerseys than in 

 that of either of the other breeds. 



[The six Ayrshires averaged 26.3 pounds of milk, containing 0.87 pound of butter 

 fat, and the two Shorthorns, 23 pounds of milk with 0.89 pound of fat.] The two 

 Shorthorn cows gave milk of almost identical composition, having a moderate per- 

 centage of fat and total solids. Their yield of milk was less than that of the Ayr- 

 shires and but very little larger than that of the Jerseys. 



The general average results, taking tlie eighteen cows as one herd of mixed charac- 

 ter as to breed and age, are interesting and make a creditable showing. An average 

 milk yield of nearly 32 })ounds per day, aud almost IJ pounds of fat per cow, is above 

 the average results obtained in practice. The difi'ereuces to be found in such a herd 

 are also well illustrated. Four of the cows gave an average of a little over 2 pounds of 

 fat; four others, a little less th.in three fourths of a pound each. One halfthe herd gave 

 an average of about 1.6 pounds of fat; the other half about O.b.'S of a pound each. 

 * * * If we take the average percentage of fat in the milk of the cows of different 



