408 



Comparative test with hay caps, W. P. Brooks, B. S. (pp. 10, 

 11). — Brief notes on a single experiment with three kinds of hay caps. 



Fungicides and insecticides on the apple, pear, plum, and 

 GRAPE, S. T. Maynard, B. S. (pp. 12-21). — Insects and fungi were 

 very destructive to fruit in Massachusetts in 1890. "It is the belief of 

 many ijractical fruit growers and market gardeners that from one third 

 to one half of the entire products of the orchards and gardens of the 

 State are destroyed by insects and fungous diseases." 



The experiments reported in this article are in continuation of those 

 recorded in Bulletin No. 7 of the station (See Experiment Station 

 Record, Vol. II, p. 22). 



Experiment No. 1 — Afnmoniaoal carbonate of eopper and Paris green for 

 apple scab and codling moth. — In preparing the mixture the formula used 

 was "3 ounces precipitated carbonate of copper dissolved in 1 quart 

 aqua ammonia (22° Baume), diluted with 28 gallons of water and 1 pound 

 of Paris green to 500 gallons of the mixture." This was sprayed on 

 apple and pear trees June 7 and 17, and July 1 and 31, the carbonate of 

 copper solution haviug been applied alone April 24, and Paris green alone 

 May 17 and 21. A diagram shows the arrangement of the treated and 

 untreated trees. A table gives the results for the apple-trees, the pear 

 trees being left out of account because they fruited very unequally. The 

 foliage on all the trees was seriously injured. On the five treated apple- 

 trees there was an average of 43 per cent of wormy apples, and on the 

 four untreated trees, 84 per cent. The fungicide does not seem to have 

 produced any effect when thus used in combination with Paris green. 



Experiment No. 2 — Bordeaux mixture and Paris green for apple scab 

 and codling moth. — The formula used was "6 pounds of copper sulphate 

 dissolved in 16 gallons of water, to which is added 4 pounds of fresh 

 lime slacked in 6 gallons of water. To this mixture add Paris green in 

 the proportion of 1 pound to 500 gallons. * * * Three large apple- 

 trees were selected that had blossomed abundantly, and one half of each 

 tree was carefully treated. Several applications were made, beginning 

 May 29, at intervals of about 2 weeks." 



A table gives the results, which were inconclusive. 



Experiment No. 3 — Amount of injury to foliage of apple-trees by Paris 

 green— The ammouiacal carbonate of copper mixture, with 1 pound of 

 Paris green to 200, 300, 400, or 500 gallons of the mixture, was applied 

 on four apple-trees, the copper solution without Paris green on one 

 tree, and two trees were used as checks. The results are stated in a 

 table. The injury from the codling moth was reduced by the Paris 

 green from 70 per cent to 29 per cent, but no beneficial results were 

 obtained from the fungicide. Where 1 pound of Paris green to 500 

 gallons of liquid was used little injury to foliage was observed, but the 

 amount of injury increased with the amount of Paris green applied. 



Experiment No. 4 — Kerosene and sulphate of copper for the plum 

 icart. — Kerosene having been found in previous experiments at this 



