446 



so, wlietlier this increase afl'ects the volume simply, or tlie weight of the 

 solids coutaiued, to an extent which would make it remunerative, in 

 general practice, to warm the water for cows." 



In both experiments six cows were placed in stanchions side by side, upon a daily 

 ration of 5 pounds of bran, 2 pounds of oats, and 6 pounds of hay, together with 

 what dry-cut corn fodder they would eat up clean. The experiment of 1889 extended 

 over 64 days, from January 21 to March 25, and that of 1890 over 80 days, from Janu- 

 ary 11 to March 31. Both years the cows were divided into two groups of three each, 

 which received identical treatment, except that when one group of cows was getting 

 water at 70° Fah. the other was given that at 32^. In the first experiment the time 

 was divided into three periods of 16 days each, with intervals between them ; in the 

 second, into five periods of 16 days each, the first 6 being treated as preliminary. 

 At the close of each of these periods the water temperatures wore reversed, the cows 

 which had been receiving water at 32° Fah. were given that at 70° Fah., and vice 

 versa, the water being given once daily after the morning feed. 



For the experiment of each year tabulated data are given relative to 

 the milk yield during warm and cold-water periods; difl'erences between 

 the same; quantity of water drank; quantity of food eaten; quantity 

 of fat and of solids not fat in the milk, in per cent and pounds, while on 

 warm water and on cold water; influence of the temperature of the 

 water on yield and quality of milk; daily fluctuations in the composi- 

 tion of the milk coincident with the quantity of water drank ; the gain 

 in amounts of milk, fat, and skim-milk produced on warm water during 

 120 days, and the extra amount of corn fodder eaten during that time; 

 the financial statement and the weight of the cows; and for 1889 the 

 amount of heat required of the cows to warm the water they drank; 

 diagrams showing the daily fluctuations in the percentage of water in 

 the milk coincident with the quantity of water drank ; and the temper- 

 ature of the air as compared with the percentage composition of the milk. 

 The individual record for each cow is given in an appendix (pp. 254-267). 



The results of the two experiments are summarized as follows : 



(1) All the results of 1890, with but one exception, are in accord with those of 

 1889, differing only in their numerical values. 



(2) In 1889 an average of 1.0t)2 pounds of milk per cow daily was given on warm 

 water more than on cold, or 6.23 per cent of the general average daily yield of 16.06 

 pounds ; in 1890 an average of only 0.22 pound daily more on warm water than on 

 cold water, or 1.06 per cent of the general average daily yield of 20.71 pounds. 



(3) The mean average daily amount of water drank per cow in 1889 was 63.07 

 pounds of cold, or 8 per cent of the live weight of the animals, and 73.20 pounds of 

 ■warm water, or 9.29 per cent of the live weight, which is 10 pounds per cow more ; 

 in 1890 it was 77.29 pounds on cold, or 8.08 per cent of the live weight, and 85.4 

 pounds on warm, or 8.92 per cent of the live weight, which is 8.11 pounds more on 

 the warm water. 



(4) Both years the cows ate more while on warm water than while on cold water; 

 in 1889, 23.50 pounds daily on cold, or 2.98 per cent of the live weight of the animals, 

 and on warm water, 24.31 pounds, or 3.08 per cent of the live weight, which is 0.74 

 pound of corn fodder per cow daily more on warm water. In 1890 the amounts 

 stood, 28.77 pounds on cold water, or 3.01 per cent of the live weight, i*nd on warm 

 29.185 pounds, or 3.05 per cent of the live weiglit, wliich is 0.42 pound oJcorn fodder 

 per cow daily more on warm than on cold water. 



