631 



Now suppose this creamery changes its policy and sffers, as before, $1.10 per 

 hundred for "standard" milk containing 4 per cent of fat, but allows 2.75 cents per 

 kuudred additional for every " unit" or tenth of a i^er cent of fat more than four in 

 the milk, and deducts 2.75 cents per hundred for every " unit" or tenth per cent under 

 four. Under this arrangement A would receive $20.63 for his 1,500 pounds of milk, fur- 

 nishing 75 pounds of butter fat. He receives, therefore, 27.5 cents per pouud for the 

 butter fat. 



B would receive $14.43 for 52.5 pounds of butter fat, and for each pound 27.5 cents, 

 the same that his neighbors receive for a like amount of butter fat. » * * These 

 particular prices are for nothing more than to illustrate the point. The actual rate 

 to be paid must depend of course on what the creamery can produce butter for and 

 sell it for. 



It is believed that the practice of paying for butter fat rather than for milk — which 

 is rendered practicable by the methods referred to in this bulletin — will gradually 

 reduce the cost of producing butter, will increase the profits of the honest and 

 intelligent patrons, and offer more inducement than there now is for improving herds 

 and feeding liberally, and for qualitj' rather than quantity of milk. 



Experiments at the station, as well as elsewhere, have shown that the 

 Babcock method can be applied to the determination of fat in cream. 

 This matter will be discussed in a future bulletin of the station. 



Butter analyses (pp. 9-11). — Tabulated analyses are given of 11 

 samples of butter from private dairies, and 6 samples of creamer}^ but- 

 ter, exhibited at the meeting- of the Connecticut Dairymen's Associa- 

 tion, at Bartford, January 20-22, 1891. The samples of butter were 

 graded on the following scale of 100 points : flavor 50, grain 25, 

 color 15, salt 5, and package 5. 



"The private dairy butters which received the lowest grading for 

 flavor, grain, and salt, were ones which had the very abnormally high 

 per cents of salt (6.78 and 7.83). It is somewhat surjirisiug that the 

 one containing 5.23 per cent of salt should have scored as high as it 

 did. The creamery butter as a rule carried 3 per cent more of actual 

 butter fat than the private creamery butter." 



Fertilizers (pp. 11-14). — Eemarks on the requirements of the fer- 

 tilizer law of Connecticut, the gratuitous analysis of fertilizers, and the 

 trade values of fertilizing ingredients adopted for 1891 by the Connecti- 

 cut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey Stations. 



" These trade values are the average prices at which in the 6 mouths 

 preceding March the respective ingredients could be bought at retail 

 for cash in our large markets, Boston, New York, and Pliiladelphia, in 

 the raw materials which are the regular source of supply." 



As compared with the valuations for 1890, that of nitrogen in am- 

 mouiates is advanced from 17 to 18^ cents per pound ; that of nitrogen 

 in nitrates remains the same (14^ cents); and that of organic nitrogen, 

 excei)t in the fonn of cotton-seed meal and castor pomace, is 1 to IJ 

 cents per pound less. Soluble and reverted phosphoric acid remain 

 the same as in 1890, but a reduction of one half to 1 cent per pound is 

 made in the medium and coarser forms of bone and tankage. Potash 

 as sulphate is reduced from 6 (1890) to 5^ cents, but as muriate is 

 unchanged- 



