648 



Each of the three breeds was represented by two cows, although the 

 complete record of ouly one Holsteiu is given. The pedigree and his. 

 tory of each cow are stated. The food given consisted of from 6 to 8 

 pounds per day of a mixture of two parts by weight of corn meal, and 

 one part each of cotton-seed meal and wheat bran, as much hay as the 

 animals would eat clean, 40 to 50 pounds of silage per day for 2 months 

 in the spring, and pasturage during the summer months. While "an 

 effort was made to adapt the food to their needs and appetite," a care- 

 ful record was kept of the amouut of the several articles of food (except 

 pasturage) consumed by each cow, to allow of comparison. Full tab- 

 ulated data are given on the food eaten by each cow during 1 year, cost 

 of the same, yield of milk and milk products, composition of the whole 

 milk, skim-milk, and buttermilk for each cowj cost of milk, milk solids, 

 fat, cream, and butter, the prices of cream and butter corresponding to 

 the milk of each cow at 1, 3, 4, and 5 cents per pound; ratio of the fat 

 in cream to the other solids, waste of fat in the skim-milk and butter- 

 milk, effect of food on the "churnability" of the fat, and the relation 

 of the total fat in the milk to the butter obtained. 



Although the results " can be more safely discussed at the end of 

 another year's work," the followiug points may be cited: 



The Holstein cow consumed the largest amount of food in the year 

 and jiroduced the largest amount of milk, milk solids, skim-milk, and 

 buttermilk, and the second largest amount of butter, being exceeded 

 in this by a Jersey cow producing 30 pounds more butter. 



The order of ricbuess of the milk was Jersey, Ayrshire, Holstein, the Jersey lead- 

 ing the other two breeds by a large difference. » * * 



The milk of all the cows but one gradually increased in its percentage of solid 

 matter as the period of lactation lengthened and the time of parturition approached. 



The cream from different cows was unlike in butter value, that from the cows giv- 

 ing the poorest milk yielding less butter by about 2o per cent than the Jersey cream. 

 Cream from the cows when in an advanced state of pregnancy had a diminished but- 

 ter value. 



The Jersey skim-milk proved to contain a slightly larger percentage of solids than 

 the Ayrshire skim-milk, the Holstein skim-milk being much poorer than that of the 

 other two breeds, the order being 10.7, 10.4, and 9.4 per cent. The skim-milk of the 

 Ayrshires contained a large percentage of fat througliout the entire milking period, 

 the separation of fat seeming to be less perfect than with the other two breeds. It 

 was true of all the cows without respect to breed, that the percentage of fat in the 

 skim-milk, or in other words the waste of fat, increased in a marked manner as the 

 period of milking lengthened. 



The buttermilk of each cow contained about the same percentage of total solids 

 as her skim-milk, the quality followiug the same order as to breeds, viz., 10.44, 10.00, 

 and 9.68 per cent. The buttermilk of Jerseys contained less than half as much fat 

 as that of the other two breeds. 



The percentage waste of fat in skim-milk and buttermilk varied from 4.1 to 26.8 

 per cent of the total fat, being least for the Jerseys and greatest for the Ayrshires. 

 Over 90 per cent of this waste was in the skim-milk. 



Experiments with fertilizers, W. Balentine, M. S. (pp. 135- 

 144). — A continuation of previous experiments as to the availability of 



