711 



observations and of soil temperatures (taken by A. M. Lloyd) at depths 

 of from 1 to 9G inches below the surface. 



Alabama College Station, Bulletin No. 24 (New Series), February, 1891 



(pp. 16). 



Dairying and breeding, Isaac Ross (pp. 3-11). — This is a popu- 

 lar discussion on the " model dairy cow," on methods and rules for 

 breeding?, feeding, and care of animals, and on butter making, prepared 

 for the farmers of the State. 



Kepoet of the Alabama weather service for February, 

 1891, P. H. Mell, Ph. D., and J. M. Quarles (pp. 12-16).— Notes on 

 the weather, and a tabulated moutldy summary of meteorological 

 observations and of soil temperatures (taken by A, M. Lloyd) at depths 

 of from 1 to 96 inches below the surface. 



Connecticut State Station, Bulletin No. 107, April 15, 1891 (pp. 6). 



The Connecticut species of Gymnosporangium (cedar 

 apples), R. Thaxter, Ph. D. — Seven distinct species of Gymnosporan- 

 gium have been found in Connecticut — " two upon the white or swamp 

 cedar {Cupresstis tliyoides) neither of which is economically important, 

 one peculiar to the common juniper {Juniperus communis), three upon 

 the red cedar {J. virginiana), and one occurring on both the last-named 

 l)Iants ; the last five species all possess more or less economic interest 

 from the rusts which they are likely to produce." 



The writer has coutimied experimenta ou all these species for the past 5 years, and 

 has succeeded by artificial cultures uuder test couditions in connecting all but one of 

 them {Gymnosporangium eUisii) with its proper rust, making at the same time a 

 critical study and com])arison of the different forms and stages. In a paper on the 

 subject (published in the Botanical Gazette, Vol. XIV, No. 7), attention was called (pp. 

 l(5t> and 172, note) to the fact that the so-called bird's nest GymnosporangUim of the 

 rod cedar, which had hitherto been confused with another American {G. clavipes), as 

 well as with a European species ((t. conicum), was shown by cultures made at this 

 station and at Cambridge, as well as by observations made in the vicinity of New 

 Haven, to be a distinct and peculiarly American form. » » # Experiments per- 

 formed by the writer before he became connected with this station have been re- 

 j)eatcd here in the case of G. mai:ropu8, G. glohosum, G. biseptatum, and G. clavaricpforme, 

 the failure of cultures with G. ellisii on the two occasions when they were attempted 

 having l>een directly traceable to the use of teleatospores, which were not in good 

 condition for cultures, tiie species not being readily obtainable in a fresh state. In 

 the case of G. maciopus, G. clavariw/orme, and G. biseptatum results were obtained 

 idt'utical with those previously published by the writer; while in the case of G. 

 globoHuin certain additional facts were .ascertained, namely, that perhaps the most 

 common orange rust of apples in this State is undoubtedly caused by this species. 

 This rust, which has been referred to in previous papers as " laeerata z," was induced 

 by inoculation with sporidia from G. globosum on three seedling russets, the inocula- 

 tion being made in the greenhouse by forcing the cedar apple, as well as its host, so 

 early in the spring that all possibility of accidental mixture was avoided. Spermo- 

 goTii.a appeared tlie first week in April, the infection having been made late in 

 March, and perfect and typical ascidia were developed early in July. In addition to 



