713 



were left nnclicclccd, is fnllacions, and tends to depreciate the impor- 

 tance of the Bordeaux treatment." 



(3) The first applications of fungicides may destroy the disease 

 already present; subsequent applications prevent its invasion. The 

 experience of the station in experiments in difiereut vineyards is cited 

 to show this. 



(4) Experiments by the station corroborate those of French investi- 

 gators, in demonstrating that anthracnose, as well as black and bitter 

 rot and mildew, "may be held in check by the Bordeaux mixture and 

 also by a cheaper preparation, viz., carbonate of copper." 



(5) As regards the effect of the fungicides on the marketable quality 

 of the fruit, the grower can be guided by his eye as long as he uses the 

 Bordeaux mixture, if the grapes are much stained they should be 

 washed with a very dilute mixture of vinegar and water; "but if any 

 salt of copper conies into use which protects the grapes without causing 

 stains, then chemical tests must determine whether the grapes carry 

 copper in quantity exceeding that found in ordinary healthful food." 



Diseases of the vine controlled by several different salts 

 OF COPPER, p. D. Chester, M. S. (pp. 8-32).— This includes a report 

 on experiments with fungicides for black rot and anthracnose. 

 Directions for preparing and applying the fungicides used in these 

 experiments, the wholesale prices of materials, etc., are also given. 



Experiments at Smyrna. — These were in the vineyard of L. E. Anthony, 

 and were a repetition of those of 1889, reported in Bulletin No. 6 of the 

 station (See Experiment Station Record, Vol. I, p. 195). " In both 

 cases the Bordeaux mixture was nsed upon the entire vineyard with the 

 exce))tion of certain check rows left unsprayed." A diagram of the vine- 

 yard is given. April 11, 1890, the vines were washed with a solution 

 of copper (1 pound to 25 gallons of water). This is known as the " win- 

 ter treatment." Bordeaux mixture was applied four times between May 

 7 and June 27. The fifth sjiraying, July 21 and 22, was made with the 

 carbonate of copper and c'lrbonate of ammonia mixture. In 1889, when 

 only the Bordeaux mixture was used, the fruit was badly stained, but 

 in 1.S90 only a few hundred pounds were sufficiently stained to require 

 washing. "Even this, the writer believes, could have been avoided by 

 making the apjilications of the Bordeaux mixture lighter." August 1, 

 the diseased fruit was picked and the loss due to the rot was calculated. 

 " For the unsprayed vines the loss by rot was approximately IG per 

 cent; for the sprayed vines a])proximately one half of 1 per cent." In 

 1888, owing to the ravages of black rot, only 250 pounds of grapes were 

 harvested ; in 1889 the vines were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and 

 yielded 2,953 pounds of grapes, or 2.72 pounds per sprayed vine; in 1890, 

 with the treatment indicated above, 7, 451 pounds of grapes were harvested 

 from the sprayed vines, or at the rate of 8.47 pounds per vine. The net 

 receipts from 7,451 pounds of grapes produced by the treated vines was 



