716 



reckoned as follows for 1890: "carbonate of copper and carbonate of 

 ammonia mixture 2oJ cents, precipitated carbonate of copper 3i cents, 

 modified eau celeste 4:0 cents, ammouiacal carbonate of copijer 57^ 

 cents, Bordeaux mixture $1.51, mixture No. 5 $1.35. 



Spray in «: apparatus is described and discussed, with illustrations. 



Tlie following is a general resume of the experiments of 1889 and 

 1890: 



(1) In cases where vineyards have become seriously affected by disease so that it 

 is necessary to use heroic measures, the Bordeaux mixture or the carbonate of cop- 

 per in suspension in water, with glue, offer the most promising results. The latter 

 on account of its cheapness has points in its favor. 



(2) The carbonate of copper and carbonate of ammonia mixture (B) is to be preferred 

 to the ammoniacal carbonate of copper (Aj and may be used for the last applicatiou, 

 where the Bordeaux mixture is previously applied, in order to overcome the necessity 

 of washing the fruit ; or it may be used with the winter treatment for all applications 

 in vineyards in which the rot has been, reduced to a minimum by one or two years' 

 treatment with stronger fungicides. 



(3) The modified eau celeste and mixture No. 5, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 are effective fungicides, but on account of their tendency to scorch the foliage, are 

 open to objection. 



(4) Where the Bordeaux mixture is nsed, the last application with this mixture 

 should be light, and the final application should be made with either the carbonate 

 of copper and carbonate of ammonia mixture or with the modified eau celest«. 



(5) In using the Bordeaux mixture it is not necessary to plaster the vines. One 

 gallon to every five vines of average size is sufficient. 



(6) The cost of application where the Bordeaux mixture is used need not exceed 3 

 cents per vine for the season, and with greater economy in the use of the material 

 this can be reduced. 



(7) By the use of the carbonate of copper in water, the cost of treatment can be 

 diminished about one half, but as this item is small compared with the value of the 

 fruit, it is questionable whether it would be justifiable to select the cheaper mixture 

 nntil further experiments have been made. 



(8) Complete annihilation of rot in a vineyard can not be expected from one year's 

 treatment, but may be assured as a result of persistent efi'ort. 



(9) Anthracnose can be controlled with either the Bordeaux mixture or the precip- 

 itated carbonate of copper. 



(10) The nozzle to be used in applying fungicides should throw a misty spray, and 

 the nearer it approaches this the better. 



(11) Wet every part of the vine, but avoid unnecessary waste of material. 



(12) The pump should have the parts that come in contact with the fungicides 

 made of brass, and should give a strong and steady pressure. 



(13) The receptacle for holding the fungicide should be of liberal size, and should 

 be drawn by a horse. 



(14) For diseases of the grape, spray the vines before the buds swell with a solu- 

 tion of sulphate of copper — 1 pound of the sulphate to v!0 gallons of water. Make 

 the first application the middle of May, then every two weeks for five or six appli- 

 cations. 



Delaware Station. Bulletin No. 11, January. 1891 pp. 15). 



Soil asd crop test.s, A. T. Xeale, Ph. D. — This is an account 

 of preliminary experiments to test the practical value of co-operative 

 field experiments and to demonstrate their value as '• object lessons." 



