jf^cj. On EmigiCtiioHj and the Means of Fre'venting it. 43: 



clined to work. Indeed, from obfervatlon 1 have ever found, that^ 

 where a rich man fixed his refidence, there was immediatelj a 

 greater number of lioules near * it, than were on the fame ground 

 before this happened- The gardener had a wife, as had alio the 

 licrdfrnan and ploughman ; it was not convenrcnt to want a fmith 

 and a joiner for any length of time, thofe had families. One rea- 

 fx)n, or another, foon occafioned a number of cottagers, who made 

 part of their living from the fuperflui'Lles cf their wealthy land- 

 lord, as there was always fomething to do, of one kind or another. 

 To pull down a wall, or to buiid one ; — to dig a pond, or to fill 

 np an old one ; — no matter v/hat, it created work , it gave bread 

 to the induflrious. This could not caufe emigration. The faft 

 is, one o-f the bell methods of preventing it is, the landholders to 

 improve their lands. Cafes have been known of felling half a 

 large eflate, and, by improving tlie remainder, keeping up the 

 rental. One of the greateO: improvers in the kingdom, whenever 

 he finds a piece of land gives little rent^ he fets a number of per« 

 fons to work in improving it, at his own expence, and, in a few- 

 years, generrdly makes it worth three or faur times the rent, for 

 a permanency. In faft, there are three unqueflionable principles 

 in improvement of land. i. Land cannot be improved without 

 induitry. 2. The earth will always be produ'Ptive, in proportion 

 to the induilry befLowed upon h. From whence a 3d is dedu- 

 clble, that every place may fupport its inhabitaiits^ if they are in- 

 duftrious, and that induilry prudently directed. 



Another method of preventing emigration is, to encourage ma- 

 nufactures. To feu villages v/ill do no good, nnlefs w^ork is alfo- 

 found for the inhabitants. There are alresidy a great many carding- 

 machines ; let tlie proprietors aiTifl theperfons concerned in thefe m 

 building ; let him get feme fpinning-machines and dyers collefted : 

 Here is a woollen manufaftory at once. If thefe perfons cannot 

 afford the expence of the nece{;&ry machinery, let the landlord 

 give it in Jieelhoiv- — an antiquated farming term, for receivmg fo 

 much at entry ;, and leaving the fame, or a like quantity, at remo- 

 ving. Let another place engage in another branch ; a cotton-mill^^ 

 fur example ; a feaport in fiihery,, and fo on. Give encouragement 

 to a few individuals, who are manufacturers at firft,. and to a join- 

 er, a fmith, a dealer in groceries j — one thing leads to another. 

 People colled ^ money is brought into the country ; and emigra- 

 tion knocked in the head. The confequence alio is, that all thefe 

 people want land, for " their bafket and their ilore, hail and po-^ 

 ** tatses \ ;" and for their cows, that they may have milk, for 



v/liich 



* The Defestcd Villagf*, and the Eir.igra,; 



