022 Review of the Agricultural ^uyve^ Aug. 



but merely by the force applied to it by the mufcles of degluti- 

 tion. They are often faftened by the horns, which has the fur- 

 ther effe^l of preventing them from licking tlieir own bodies •, 

 which, both poifons the ftomach by the hairs fwaliowed, and 

 bruifes and difcolours (it is faid) the flclh of the part licked. 



The rate of manuring with dung being at about 20 to 24 cart 

 loads of 15 or 16 cwt. each />i'r acre \ and the produce of dung, 

 yielded from an acre of turnips confumcd by ft'v!!-fed cattle, 

 upon an average of all the turnip crops, good and bad, being 

 about 10 fuch cart loads •, every two acres of turnip fliould yield 

 dung for one acre. Twenty-four tons of turnip are Rated as a 

 large average produce for an acre ; and i\ cwt. as fulhcient 

 per diem for a moderate fized bullock that may feed to 45 Hones 

 Dutch weight, (p. 94). 



The rate of fattening, in black cattle ftall fed or turnip, is 

 ftated at an incr^afe of one fouith of their weight in four or 

 five months, (p. 147). 



More command of dung is obtained by cnnrnming the turnip 

 in the houfe, than upon the field •, neverthelefs, from the ad- 

 vantage of lefs labour, it is becoming more general to confume 

 them on the field, by (beep confined in hurdles j and a com- 

 merce is carried on betwixt the farmers of the pafturing and 

 arable difl;ri6ts, the former often purchafing fields from the lat- 

 ter, to be fo confumed, in fattening their difpofable produce, 

 or keeping on their breeding or holding Hock. Lell, however, 

 the fuperabundant dunging, thus given to the turnip field, 

 {hould render the fuhfequent crop too luxuriant, whilft the 

 other fields fliould fuffcr by the obfl:ru6lion, it is coming into 

 praQice to pull a part of the rows of turnips for ilall-feeding, 

 and alternately to leave other rows Handing, to be confumed 

 upon the field. 



Marl was firft applied, as a manure, in Roxburgh, by Lord 

 Minto, as a proprietor, and by Mr Dawfon, as a farmer, about 

 the year 1753 \ the former ufing his own flicU marl, which 

 was not then to be had for fale, and the latter clay marl ; the 

 former at the rate of 30 carts, the latter at the rate of 330 carts 

 per acre. So fgon as roads of communication were opened, lime 

 immediately fuperfeded the ufe of clay marl (of which fuch 

 enormous quantities needed to be applied) ; though the coun- 

 ty yields no lime, and the dillance to it extends from 16 to 

 30 miles. Since the year 1772, ihell marl has been expofed 

 to public fale ; and fince it was thus procurable by farmers at 

 large, its application is becoming more general. From 20 to 25 

 carts, fuch as already fpecificd, are given to the acre, of this (hell 

 marl, in a dry ^late ; it IcfeS; ia drying, a lif;h of its bulk wet 



from 



