REVIEWS AND CRITICISMS. 59 



plants and many original articles have been given to the 

 world as the results of his special studies. Finally he has 

 given to us in very convenient form the selected fruits of 

 his labors; both in carefully prepared discussions of the 

 work of others and in the light thrown upon the various 

 problems, by his own investigations. 



It does not need a careful study of the volume to realize 

 that we have now for the first time a complete summary and 

 discussion of what is known of the morphology and physi- 

 ology of the mosses, hepaticae, ferns and fern allies, as well 

 as suggestive discussions of the significance of the various 

 details, both as regards classification and phylogeny 



It is of especial interest, too, that the illustrations are to a 

 considerable extent drawn from the native and characteristic 

 species of California. Professor Campbell has found in them 

 an unworked and peculiarly valuable field and it has widened 

 the influence and value of the book that in this way, it has 

 given to the student of this subject a large number of origi- 

 nal morphological and embryological facts about rare species, 

 to be compared with those derived from the more familiar 

 species of Europe and the eastern United States, a fact of 

 the greatest importance in yielding a broader basis than has 

 ever been available hitherto for the discussion of phylogene- 

 tic relationships. 



The frequent discussion of the theories of the descent of 

 special groups and of broader assemblages is one of the 

 things which will make the book a welcome one and the new 

 views expressed or theories proposed will yield a fresh har- 

 vest for the investigator. 



The illustrations are mostly new and have not been bur- 

 dened with unnecessary details but have been made with 

 especial reference to the point to be emphasized and are a 

 boon to all those who have hitherto seen the same figures 

 brought forward in text-book after text-book. — w. a. s. 



New or crilical Liihothamnia. By M. Foslie. Dei kgl. 



norske Videnskabers Selskahs Skrifier^ 1895. (reprint, 



pp.9, PI. 1.) 

 One finds on the seashore, lining the pools or caves, hard 

 stony crusts^ which are usually of some shade of pink. They 



