APPENDIX. 723 



The reft contribute to form that amazing mul- 

 titude of water fowl, that annually repair from mod 

 parts of Europe to the woods and lakes of Lapland 

 and other arttic regions*, there to perform the 

 functions of incubation and nutrition in full fecu- 

 rity. They and their young quit their retreat in 

 September, and difperfe them i elves over Europe. 

 With us they make their appearance the begin* 

 rnngot Off ob er \ circulate firft round our fhores, and 

 when compelled by fevere froft, betake themfelves 

 to our lakes and rivers. Of the web- footed fowl 

 there are fome of hardier conftitutions than others ; 

 thefe endure the ordinary winters of the more 

 northern countries, but when the cold reigns there 

 with more than common rigor, repair for fhelter to 

 thefe kingdoms: this regulates the appearance of 

 fome of the Diver kind, as alio of the wild Szvans> 



* Barents found the Bemacks with their nefts in great num- 

 bers in Nova Zembla. Collect. <uoy. Dutch Eafi -India Company ', 

 Svo. 1703. p. 19- Clufius in his Exot. 368. alfo obferves, 

 that the Dutch difcovered them on the rocks of that country 

 and in Way gate Straits. They, as well as the other fpecies of 

 tviU Qeefe, go very far north to breed, as appears from the 

 hiftories of Greenland and Spitsbergen , by Egede and Crantz. 

 Thefe birds feem to make Iceland a refting place, as fbr* 

 rebo-w obferves, few continue there to breed, but only vifit 

 that iiland in the fpring, and after a ihort itay, retire ftili 

 further north. 



The Swallow tailed Shield Duck breeds in the Icy Sea, and is 

 forced fouth ward only in the very hard winters. Aman. Acad. 

 IV. 585. 



Vol. II. B b b the 



