HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



44b. Mandibles and maxillae long and sickle-shaped, of mandibulo- 

 suctorial type; aquatic species may possess abdominal prolegs 

 with hooks at caudal end; gills may be present on most abdom- 

 inal segments. Fig. 100 Order NEUROPTERA page 140 



About 5,000 spe- 

 cies of the order 

 have been describ- 

 ed. The larvae ex- 

 hibit great diversity 

 o f structure and 

 mode of life, but 

 they are all carniv- 

 orous; in a consider- 

 able proportion o f 

 the species they are 

 aquatic. 



Fig. 100. Q, Golden-eye lacewing, Chrysopa oculato 

 Say (Redrawn from Smith); b, Corydolus 

 cornutus (L.); c, Mandibulo-suctorial mouth, 

 parts. 



PUPAE and PUPARIA 



45a. Appendages, including mouth parts, invisible on exterior, or, if 

 visible, they are fused with each other and to the body wall to 

 form a continuous covering; obtect type. 

 (see Figs. 107 and 109) 51 



45b. Appendages distinctly visible and free, even though held in a 

 fixed position; resembles a mummy; exarate type. 

 (See Figs. 101-106) 46 



46a. Body strongly compressed; 

 length less than 3 mm.; wing 

 pads absent; antennae minute; 

 mandibles of piercing type; 

 compound eyes absent. Fig. 101. 

 Fig. 101. Pupa of dog flea, Order SIPHONAPTERA 



Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis). 



46b. Body rounded or flattened, not strongly compressed; antennae 

 Tnd wing pads usually prominent 47 



50 



