HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



FlAQELkUM" 



Fig. 102. a, 

 mouth parts, 



macutata Kirby. 



Chewing and lapping 

 b, Pupa of Vespa 



47a. Mouth parts for chewing and 

 lapping; mandibles present; 

 usually a median or bifurcate 

 lobe or tongue (the hypophar- 

 ynx) arises from the labium; 

 distal segments or ends of 

 the 12 or more segmented 

 antennae usually adjacent to 

 and frequently parallel with 

 the meson; paired oviposi- 

 tors frequently visible a t 

 caudal end; a distinct con- 

 striction usually present be- 

 tween the thorax and abdo- 

 men. Fig. 102. 

 most HYMENOPTERA page 210 



47b. Mouth parts for chewing only; no distinct tongue or paired ovi- 

 positors present 48 



18a. Antennae long, always with 12 or more segments; wing rudiments 

 not elytra-like 49 



48b. Antennae shorter than body, if elongated, with numerous stout 

 segments and much longer than the body, usually 11 or less 

 segments and distal segments usually far removed from meson; 

 wing rudiments always elytra-like and located between the distal 

 portion of mesothoracic and metathoracic legs on the ventral as- 

 pect; legs elbowed sharply at end of femur. 

 Fig. 103 most COLEOPTERA page 72 



Fig. 103. Pupa of the 

 Colorado potato beetle, 

 Leptinotarsa decimlin- 

 eata (Soy). 



The pupae are mostly of exarate type, but 

 in some of the Staphylinidae they are obtect. 

 Pupation takes place mostly in earthen cells 

 in the soil, but also occurs within the food 

 plant. Certain Curculionidae make cocoons 

 with the product of the Malpighian tubes, 

 while several of the Lamellicornia use the 

 contents of the posterior caecum. Many Cer- 

 ombycidae construct pupal cells largely im- 

 pregnated with carbonate of lime. The pupae 

 of the Coccinellidae are often protected by 

 the persistent remains of the last larval skin. 



51 



