HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



49a. Head abnormal in shape; head capsule and 

 mouth parts elongated; antennae with 16 or 

 more segments, arise from the head capsule near 

 the compound eyes and not from the beak as in 

 some weevils (Rhynchophora). 

 Fig. 104 Order MECOPTERA 



Fig. 104. Pupo of 

 Bittacus pilicernat 



Westw. 



49b. Head normal in shape; mouth parts not greatly elongated. 



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50a. Mandibles short, stout, curved, nearly cylindrical; they usually 

 project cephalad or nearly so and cross each other; thorax and 

 abdomen frequently bearing filamentous gills; usually found in 

 cases or webs constructed by the larvae (Micropterygoidea of the 

 Lepidoptera may also fall into this group, but they are non- 

 aquatic and not over 4 mm. in length). 

 105 Order TRICHOPTERA page 146 



The appendages are quite free from the body, and 

 the abdomen is armed with dorsal spines which en- 

 able the pupa to work its way out of its habitation. 

 The pupae of some species are able to swim freely. 



Fig. 105. Pupa 

 of Hespcropky- 

 lax sp. 



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