HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



Fig. 157. Melanoplus femur-rubrum 



(DeGeer), 3rd instar. 



6b All tarsi 3-segmented; pronotum normal size. 



Fig. 157 Family LOCUSTIDAE 



The family contains about 8,000 

 known species. The common name 

 grasshopper is generally applied 

 to the nonmigratory species and 

 locust is applied to the migratory 

 forms. They are all destructive to 

 crops. The migratory locust, Lo- 

 cusia migTatoria L. is the most 

 serious pest and is distributed 

 widely in most of the Eastern 

 Hemisphere. It breeds in dry 

 grassy areas. Grasshopper eggs 

 are often laid underground. 

 7a. Tarsi 4-segmented 8 



7b. Tarsi 3-segmented. Fig. 158 Family GRYLLIDAE 



About 1,150 species have been 

 described. Ihey are generally 

 called crickets, and are both her- 

 bivorous and carnivorous. They 

 hide themselves in holes in the 

 ground or under stones and de- 

 bris and some live on trees, shrubs 

 and grass. Nymphs and adults 

 are often found together. 



8a. Auditory organ usually present on the fore tibiae. 



Fig. 159 Family TETTIGONIIDAE 



They are commonly called long-horned 

 grasshoppers or katydids, about 7,000 known 

 species. They can produce stridulatory 

 sounds by the fore wings of the males. They 

 are both herbivorous and carnivorous, living 

 in grass or trees. The eggs are often inserted 

 in the stems of plants. 



Fig. 158. Snowy tree-cricket, Oecan- 

 thus niveus (DeGeer) (N. Y. Agr. 

 Expt. Sta.). 



Fig. 1 59. Mormon crick- 

 et, Anabrus simplex 



Haldeman. 



8b. Auditory organ never present on the fore tibiae. 



Fig. 160 Subfamily Stenopelmatinae, TETTIGONIIDAE 



The subfamily includes about 300 de- 

 scribed species. They are mostly car- 

 nivorous, living in caves, in holes, un- 

 der stones and other concealments. 

 These camel crickets and related forms 

 are given their own family by some 

 systematists. The adults are wingless 

 and strongly resemble the nymphs. 



Fig. 160. Stenopelmatus longi. 

 spina Brunner. 



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