HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



lb. Legs consisting oi 4 segments (coxa, 

 trochanter, femur and tibiotarsus) and 

 1 claw; or less than 4 segments; or ^ 

 even vestigial or absent. Fig. 164... 13 



Fig. 164. A leg. 



2a. Mandible with molar structure. Fig. 165 3 



The food habits of an insect possessing chew- 

 ing mouth parts can usually be judged fairly ac- 

 curately by the size and character of the man- 

 dibles. These structures are "first line" organs 

 when it comes to securing food. It is interesting to note that insect 

 jaws meet on a vertical plane instead of a horizontal one as with the 

 mammals. 





Fig. 165. A right 

 mandible. 



2b. Mandible without molar structure. Fig. 166. ... 



Fig. 166. A left 

 mandible. 



3a. 9th abdominal segment extended terminally into a single, conical, 

 straight process; ventrally with a simple, transverse, narrow stern- 

 al plate; legs short, conical; claws of subequal size. 

 Fig. 167 Family CUPESIDAE 



Fig. 167. a, Cupes eon- 

 color Westn.; b, a leg; c, 

 ventral aspect of 9th and 

 10th abdominal segments. 



A very small family 

 ranging into both hemi- 

 spheres, including Aus- 

 tralia. The larva of Cupes 

 is a wood borer, as are 

 most of the other mem- 

 bers of the family. They 

 are medium sized borers, 

 and may be found under 

 bark. 



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