HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



48b. 9th al)dominal segment otherwise 49 



49a. Spirades cribriiorm; 10th abdominal segment terminal; prothorax 

 large and more or less depressed, usually covered with a plate 

 both dorsally and ventrally. 

 Fig. 230 Family BUPRESTIDAE 



The flat-headed borers are a large 

 family which consists of about 8,000 

 described species. The larvae are 

 blind and legless but capable of ex- 

 cavating in all kinds of dry and 

 moist wood. They live in the trunks, 

 limbs and roots of trees. A few are 

 leaf miners and gallmakers; some 

 are highly destructive to fruit and 

 forest trees. 



pj^o rwoj? A;t 



Fig. 230. Western cedar borer, 

 Trochykele blondeli Mars. 



49b. Not so. 



50 



50a. Labrum present. Fig. 231. 



60 



50b. Labnmi fused. Fig. 232 51 



^trs: 



Fig. 231. Dorsal as- 

 pect of head. 



Fig. 232. Dorsal as- 

 pect of head. 



51a. Frontal sutures present (except in Throscidae and Eucnemidae the 

 head capsule and mouth parts are reduced or much specializ- 

 ed) 52 



51b. Frontal sutures absent (except in Brachypsectrini and Lampyri- 

 dae, both of which hove piercing mandibles) 56 



52a. Head capsule and mouth parts very much reduced or extremely 

 specialized. (See Fig. 233) 53 



52b. Head capsule and mouth ports slightly reduced or entirely 

 normal 54 



94 



