HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



135a. 8ih abdominal segment terminal, with free hind margin; 8th 

 pair of abdominal spiracles well developed and dorsal. 

 Fig. 344 Subfamily Hispinae*, CHRYSOMELIDAE 



I The adults are usually wedge-shaped 



i with engraved elytra. The larvae often 



feed on the surface of leaves or are 



leaf-miners. They often conceal them- 



^. ^ selves with a covering of excrement. 



Fig. 344. Chalepus oter 

 Wels. 



135b. Tergum of 8th abdominal segment often provided with an up- 

 right fork bearing the cast skins or the excrement of the larva; 

 8th pair of abdominal spiracles vestigial. 

 Fig. 345 SubfamUy Cassidinae*, CHRYSOMELIDAE 



It includes the tortoise beetles. In 

 certain species the eggs are enclos- 

 ed in an ootheca. The larvae often 

 cover their bodies with excrement or 

 cast skin for protection and are an 

 odd-looking lot. 



Fig. 345. Cassida nebulosa L. 



138a. Legs present, but small, and usually 2-segmented. 



Fig. 346 Family BRENTIDAE 



Around 1,000 species have been 

 described. The immature stages 

 are passed in wood. The rostrimi 

 of the female is used for boring 

 holes in which the eggs are laid. 

 The larvae are elongate and slen- 

 der and provided with thoracic 

 legs. 



136b. Legs absent, pedal lobes occupying their place 



Fig. 346. Eupsalis minuta Drury. 



137 



137a. Head capsule elongate, broadening posteriorly, and with straight 

 sides. Fig. 347 Family PROTERHINIDAE 



This is a very small family 

 consisting of 2 genera. Agiy- 

 cyderes occurs in the Canary 

 Islands and New Zealand and 

 Protherhinus inhabits the Ha- 

 waiian and other Pacific Is- 

 lands. 



Fig. 347. a, Proterhinus onthracias Per- 

 kins; b. Dorsal aspect of head. 



125 



