HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 

 10b. Not as 10a. Fig. 396 Family HEMEROBIIDAE 



This family consists of about 220 known species. 

 Their adults are called brown lacewings. The larvae 

 resemble the aphid-lions but are smooth without 

 tubercles. Only the 1st instar larvae possess trum- 

 pet-shaped empodia which becomes pad-like and 

 greatly reduced in the later instars. They are pre- 

 dacious and feed on aphids, scale-insects, mealy- 

 bugs, whiteflies, psyllids, etc. The eggs are devoid 

 of pedicels. 



Fig. 396. Hemero- 

 bius pacificus 



Banks, 1st instar. 



11a. Sides of thorax and abdomen with projecting filaments; head 

 dilated posteriorly. Fig. 397 Family ASCALAPHIDAE 



About 210 species have been described. The larvae 

 resemble ant-lions in the form of the body, but they 

 have a finger-like appendage on each side of the. 

 segment. They live in ambush on the surface of the 

 ground, with the body more or less covered, and 

 wait for small insect prey. 



Fig. 397. Ulu- 

 lodes hyalina 



Latr. 



lib. Sides of thorax and abdomen without projecting filaments; head 

 not dilated posteriorly. Fig. 398 Family MYRMELEONTIDAE 



This family consists of about 

 650 described species. The 

 larvae are known as ant-lions. 

 They make pitfalls in sand to 

 trap the ants and other wing- 

 less small animals. However, 

 some species do not make pits 

 but simply hide under sand or 

 debris. 



Fig. 398. a. Ant-lion, Myreleon sp.; b, 

 A pitfall. 



145 



