HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



5a. Claws of hind legs much shorter than those of middle legs. 



Fig. 406 Family MOLANNIDAE 



Larvae live on the sandy bottoms 

 of streams and lakes and construct 

 shield-shaped cases consisting of a 

 central cylindrical chamber flanked 

 on each side by an extension. 



Fig. 406. o, Case of Molonno uni- 

 phila V 



find leg. 



ophila Vorhies; b. Middle leg; c, 

 Hir ■ • 



5b. Claws of hind legs as long as those of middle legs 6 



6a. Antennae long, at least 8 times as long as wide. 



Fig. 407 Family LEPTOCERIDAE 



.A^7-£'/VA'A 



All the larvae make cases using a 

 variety of materials and constructing 

 cases of various shapes. They inhabit 

 a wide variety of streams, ponds, 

 lakes and rivers. The larvae can swim 

 freely with their legs outside the case. 

 They feed on vegetation. 



a, Lateral aspect of 

 Trianodes flavescense 



6b. Antennae short, never more than 4 times as long as wide 7 



7a. Mesonotum with sclerotized plates. 

 Fig. 408 



Family LIMNEPHILIDAE 



Fig. 408. a, Case of Astenophylox sp.; 



b. Larva with case of Stenophylox sp. 



c. Case of Limnephilus indivisus Walk 

 er. 



There are about 400 described 

 species in this family. The larvae 

 are eruciform with a prosternal 

 tubercle or horn. They live most- 

 ly in quiet water and a few spe- 

 cies in swift water. The genus 

 Enoicyla live only in damp moss 

 on land. The cases are tubular 

 and ornamented with sticks, tiny 

 shells, sand and small pebbles. 

 They are herbivorous. 



148 



