HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



18b. Abdominal setae iv and v adjacent. 

 Fig. 435 



19 



Fig. 436. Potato tuberworm, Gnori- 

 moschcmo opcrcuUllo (Zeller). 



Fig. 435. Setoi 

 map of an ab- 

 dominal seg- 

 ment. 



19a. Crochets of anal prolegs arranged in 2 groups. 



Fig. 436 FamUy GELECHIIDAE 



The larvae pictured here is scat- 

 tered very widely and does heavy 

 damage to the fruit of tomatoes as 

 well as to potato tubers. It attacks 

 still other members of the night- 

 shade family also. 

 19b. Crochets of anal prolegs in a single series 20 



20a. Front extending about one third way to vertex. 



Fig. 437 (Cossula) Family COSSIDAE 



The common goat moth, Cos- 

 sus cossus (L.) of Europe, is an 

 example. The caterpillars bore 

 into the trunks and limbs of 

 broad-leaved deciduous trees 

 and large shrubs. They make 

 large tunnels in the trunk. The 

 larvae of the carpenterworm, 

 Prionoxystus roJbiniae (Peck) of 

 America, make large galleries 

 in trees which usually cause 

 the death of the trees. 



20b. Front extending at least two thirds way to vertex 21 



21a. Spiracles elliptical, normal in size; those ol 8th abdominal seg- 

 ment located higher than the others. 

 Fig. 438 Family AEGERIIDAE 



Cossus liquiperdo. 



Fig. 438. Squash-vine borer, 

 Mclittia satyriniformis Hub- 

 ner. 



The caterpillars live as borers in roots, 

 trunks and limbs of shrubs and trees and 

 herbaceous plants. Aegeria apiiormis 

 (Clerck) is a common species which in- 

 fests poplars and willows chiefly. The too 

 well known squash borer belongs here. 



156 



