HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



Ua. Dorsal head-piece much longer than the prothorax. 



(See Fig. 502) 12 



lib. Dorsal head-piece not longer than the prothorax 15 



12a. 4th abdominal segment free from 3rd; antennae and hind legs 

 not in subequal length 13 



12b. 4th abdominal segment rigidly fastened to 3rd; antennae and 

 hind legs subequal in length 14 



13a. Labial palpi visible. Fig. 502 FamUy TISCHERIIDAE 



The early stages are leaf-miners. Pupation takes 

 place in the Spring in the larval mine. 



Fig. 502. Tiseh- 

 eria malifoliella 

 Clemens. ^ 



13b. Lfibial palpi invisible. Fig. 503 Family LYONETIIDAE 



Pupation takes place in a 

 cocoon which formed on the 

 ^\^ leaf under two bands of 

 silk, or is sometimes naked 

 fiq 503. Lyonatio tp«culella Clemens. and suspended by a few 



silk threads to a bent leaf. 



14a. 3rd to 7th abdominal segments each with 2 deep punctures at 

 the anterior margin near the mid-dorsal line; 7th longer than 8th 

 to 10th together (PbyUocnistis) LYONETIIDAE 



14b. Not so Family GRACILARIIDAE 



15a. Cremaster with a distinct stem. . . (Peronea) TORTRICIDAE 



15b. Cremaster without a stem, its hooks attached to body 16 



I6a. 1st abdominal spiracles invisible; dorsal spines or setae arranged 

 in transverse rows 17 



177 



