HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



22a. With a deep dorsal groove between 9th and 10th abdominal seg- 

 ments Subfamily Epipaschiinae, PYRALIDIDAE 



22b. Not so 23 



23a. Prothoracic femur exposed; antennae not swollen. 



Fig. 510 Family PTEROPHOIUDAE 



Pupae usually suspend themselves by their tail 

 on the host plant. 



They are often spiny. The adults have divided 

 wings. 



Fig. 510. Ptero- 

 phorus tenuidac- 

 tylus Fitch. 



23b. Prothoracic femur concealed; antennae swollen 24 



24a. Maxillae in contact with eyes; tip of mouth parts beyond tip of 

 wings; pupa usually in a cocoon. 

 Fig. 511 Family HESPERIIDAE 



Pupa is rounded, suspended by a Y-shaped girth 

 in a cocoon. 



This family has some 3000 known species some of 

 which are economic. 



Fig. 511. Col- 

 podes ethlius 



Cr. 



24b. Maxillae separated from eyes; tip of mouth parts not beyond tip 

 of wings; pupa usually exposed 25 



180 



