HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



29a. Upper pair of cephalic thorns directed sideways and slightly 

 upward; apices of wings extending to or very slight beyond apex 

 of 1st abdominal segment; apices of middle tarsi not extending 

 to apices of wings. Fig. 577 Family MYDAIDAE 



The available information 

 r jPI about the biology of the pupae 

 is very limited. 



Fig. 577. Mydos clovatus Drury 



29b. Upper pairs of cephalic thorns directed forward, at most slightly 

 divergent apically, generally slightly curved downward, or head 

 without strong upper thorn 30 



30a. Head with strong thorns, if absent the abdomen with dorsal 

 transverse armature consisting of very strong thorns and inter- 

 vening long slender hairs; apices of antennae obtuse 31 



30b. Head very rarely with thorns, 2 carinate elevations present on 

 upper anterior margin; antennae with attenuated apices; body 

 without thorns, sometimes with bristles 32 



31a. Lower median portion of face with a closely approximated pair 

 of stout thorns which are occasionally fused almost to apices; 

 abdomen with transverse armature on dorsal segments consisting 

 of short flattened thorns and long slender hairs, the thorns usual- 

 ly appearing as if attached to, rather than forming part of the 

 abdomen and sometimes turned up at bases and apices. 

 Fig. 578 Family BOMBYLIIDAE 



When the parasite is fully 

 grown then it leaves the host 

 and enters the soil for pupa- 

 tion. 



Fig. 578. Spogostylum olbofasciotum 

 Macquart. 



31b. Lower median portion of face without thorns; abdomen with trans- 

 verse armature consisting of alternating long and short thorns. 

 Fig. 579 Family ASILIDAE 



Pupation takes place in soil. 

 However, the pupae have the 

 habit of coming to the surface 

 of soil shortly before the emer- 



Fig. 579. Ceroturgus cruciatus Say. gence of the adult. 



209 



