HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



32a Cephalic armature consisting of 2 carinated elevations on upper 

 anterior margin, on each of which is a very long hair; antennal 

 sheath raised above level of face, tapering apically, directed 

 downward and slightly outward; proboscis often much elongated. 

 Fig. 580 Family EMPIDAE 



Pupation takes place in a 

 cocoon which is densely coat- 

 ed with wood particles. 



Fig. 580. Dropetis nigra Meigen. 



32b/ Similar to Empidae, but proboscis never elongated. 



Fig. 581 , Family DOLICHOPIDAE 



Pupation takes place in an 

 earthen cell or in a cocoon made 

 by wooden fragments and silk. 

 The pupa possesses a pair of 

 elongate thoracic respiratory horns 

 which protruded outside of the 

 pupal cell or cocoon. 



Pig. 581. Aphrosylus praedator 



ORDER HYMENOPTERA 



(From H. Yuasa, 1923) 



la. Body caterpillar-like, thoracic legs usually present; head much 

 more strongly sclerotized than the rest of the body; prolegs usual- 

 ly developed, if absent the body is caterpillar-like; antennae al- 

 most always present and more than 1-segmented; mandibles 

 heavily sclerotized almost always with more than 1 tooth; ocelli 

 often present; larvae generally free living, or plant borers, a few 

 are gall-makers (But the members of the family Orussidae is para- 

 sitic) Suborder CHALASTOGASTRA 2 



210 



