HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



15a. An eversible gland on ventro-meson of each abdominal segment 

 1-7; body often with numerous conspicuous setae, setae arising 

 from distinct tubercles; antennae 4-segmented. 

 Fig. 595 Subfamily Nematinae, TENTHREDINIDAE 



Some members of this rather 

 large subfamily are gall makers, 

 while others are known to feed 

 on the foliage of broad-leaved 

 trees and shrubs and on grasses 

 and sedges. 



Fig, 595. Pteronidae ribesi Scopoli. 



15b. Without eversible glands; body never conspicuously setiierous; 

 antennae 3- or 4-segmented 16 



16a. Antennae 4-segmented; 3rd abdominal segment with 5 annulets; 

 abdominal segments 2-4 and 8, or 2-5 and 8 without a postsub- 

 spiracular sucker-like protuberance. 

 Fig. 596 FamUy TENTHREDINIDAE 



The subfamilies Hoplocom- 

 pinae and Cladinae are both 

 included here. Members of 

 the rose family furnish food 

 for some of these species. 



Fig. 596. Cladius pectinicornis Four- 

 cray (Cladinae). 



16b. Antennae 1-segmented; 3rd abdominal segment with 3 annulets; 

 abdominal segments 2-4 and 8, or 2-5 and 8 with a postsubspus 

 acular sucker-like protuberance. 

 Fig. 597 Family ACORDULECERIDAE 



-Aw^-®'- ■■■-■■ '' 



Fig. 597. Acordulecero sp. 



Around 100 species have been de- 

 scribed. The larvae are free feeders 

 and gregarious on plant leaves. 



17a. Thoracic legs present; lost abdominal 

 process. (See Fig. 599) 



segment with suranol 

 18 



17b. Thoracic legs wanting; last abdominal segment without suranal 

 process. Fig. 598 Family ORUSSIDAE 



About 50 species of the parasitic 

 wasps are known. The larvae are para- 

 sitic on the larvae of cerombycid and 

 buprestid beetles. The pupae have a 

 long ovipositor which is held over the 



Fig. 598. Oryssus occidental- hark 

 is Cresson. i-'wv.a.. 



215 



