HOW TO KNOW THE IMMATURE INSECTS 



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18a. Subcmal appendages present, vestigial and palpiiorm; ocelli pre- 

 sent; antennae 4- or 5-segmented. Fig. 599. . . .Family CEPHIDAE 



Around 100 species of the stem 

 sawflies are known. The body of the 

 larvae is C-shaped with a small ter- 

 minal abdominal appendage. They 

 bore into the stems of grasses, trees 

 and shrubs. Pupation takes place in 

 the larval burrow within a thin 

 cocoon. 



noceii 



Fig. 599. Jonus integer Norton. 



18b Subanal appendages wanting; ocelli wanting 19 



19a. Antennae 3-segmented; meta-spiracles iimctionless, very much 

 smaller than abdominal spiracles. 

 Fig. 800 FamUy XIPHYDRIIDAE 



Less than 50 species are known. The 

 larvae are borers in trees. Birches and 

 maples are known to be attacked in our 

 Xiphydrio sp. country. 



19b. Antennae 1-segmented; meta-spiracles functional, as large as 

 abdominal spiracles. Fig. 601 Family SIRICIDAE 



Around 50 species of the horn- 

 tails are known. The larvae are S- 

 shaped and deeply segmented with 

 a horny abdominal process. They 

 bore in the stems of pines and other 

 broad-leaved deciduous trees that 

 are usually not perfectly healthy. 

 Pupation occurs in thin parchment- 

 like cocoon within the burrows of 

 the larvae. 



Fig. 601. Tremex columbo L 



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