110 NORTHERN FISHES 



lived in apparent harmonj^ with smallmouth bass. It is also thriving in 

 a number of spriui^-fed lakes in the northern counties. Rainbow trout 

 have been introduced into some stone quarry pools near St, Cloud, 

 Minnesota, where Professor George Friedrichs reports that they are 

 thriving but do not reproduce. 



The rainbow trout is regarded by many anglers as the most popular 

 game fish. It will take various baits, including grasshoppers, salmon 

 eggs, and even worms if they are moving. It strikes readily on a fly and 

 on many trolling lures. It can be caught by amateur and expert alike, 

 and its gamy qualities will satisfy the most discriminating. 



GENUS Salvelmus Richardson 



This genus includes the chars, represented by many species, only one 

 of which, the brook trout, is found in Minnesota and neighboring states. 

 The Dolly Varden trout, S. spectabilis (Girard) , of the Western States 

 is a related species. This genus is characterized by having over 200 

 small scales in the lateral line and by the vomer bearing teeth only on 

 the head portion. 



COMMON BROOK TROUT (Speckled Trout) 

 Salvelinus foniinalis fontinalis (Mitchill) 



The brook trout (Figure llC) has a dark-olive back and sides, with 

 light wormlike or marbled streaks across the back. Numerous red spots 

 margined with brown appear on the sides. The scales are very small, 

 numbering about 230 in the lateral line. The dorsal fin has 10 rays, the 

 anal fin 9. The caudal, or tail, fin is very slightly forked. 



The brook trout originally ranged through the Great Lakes drainage, 

 northward into Labrador, and southward in the Appalachians into 

 Georgia. It was undoubtedly native to certain cold-water streams of 

 Minnesota. The statement of Professor Cox (1897) that this species 

 was native in the state only in streams flowing into Lake Superior is 

 challenged by such men as C. A. Nelson of Lutsen, now 80 years old, 

 who was born and brought up on the North Shore. These men claim 

 that brook trout were originally found in several small lakes above 

 Beaver Bay and back of Grand Marais, and in other small lakes between 

 the Baptism and Manitou rivers, but that none were found in any of 

 the rivers above the lower falls except the Reservation River until 

 introduced by sportsmen. xA.pparently brook trout were always abun- 

 dant about the mouths of these rivers and in Lake Superior. Also they 

 have been claimed as native fish by the older residents living along the 

 St. Croix and Mississippi rivers, who state that many small, spring-fed 

 tributaries were inhabited by the species long before their introduction 

 from hatcheries. They are native in the spring-fed streams of south- 



