FAMILY CYPRINIDAE 143 



spot, faint in young and some females, at front of dorsal fin near but not 



at base; back flattish (these characters conspicuous only in adults) 21 



First dorsal ray a thin splint, closely attached to first well-developed ray, 

 and with a thinner covering of adip>ose tissue; no dark spot at front of dorsal 

 near base (a dark spot is present at the very base in Notropis umhratilis 

 cyanocephalus) ; back little flattened 23 



21. Peritoneum silvery; intestine short (S-shai>ed) 



Bullhead Minnow, Ceratichthys persjricuus (Girard) 



Peritoneum blackish or black; intestine somewhat elongated, with at least 

 one short extra coil 22 



22. Mouth terminal and oblique; caudal spot faint; lateral line very short (in 



Great Lakes subspecies) 



.... Northern Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas promelas Rafinesque 

 Mouth inferior and horizontal; caudal spot conspicuous; lateral line com- 

 plete Bluntnose Minnow, Hyborhynchus notatus (Rafinesque) 



23. Mouth extremely small and nearly vertical; dorsal rays typically 9; teeth 



in main row 5 — 5 or 5 — 4, strongly serrate 



Pugnose Minnow, Opsopoeodus emiliae Hay 



Mouth larger and oblique to horizontal, except in Notropis anogeniis; dorsal 

 rays typically 8; teeth in main row 4 — 4 24 



24. Lower lip restricted to rather prominent lateral lobes 



Suckermouth Minnow, Phenacobius mirabilis (Girard) 



Lower lip normal, not restricted to lateral lobes 25 



25. Anal rays 9-12, rarely 8; teeth 2, 4 — 4, 2 26 



Anal rays usually 7 or 8, rarely 9; teeth in outer row usually or 1, but often 

 2 in Notropis heterodon, N. xaenocephahis , and N . hudsonius 30 



26. Origin of dorsal as far, or slightly farther, forward than insertion of the 

 pelvics. . .Northern Common Shiner, Notropis cornutus frontalis (Agassiz) 

 Origin of dorsal distinctly behind the insertion of the pelvics 27 



27. Body deep, the depth typically more than head length in adults 6r equal to 

 head length in young; exposed portions of scales notably deeper than long; 

 nuptial tubercles larger; breeding males with much red over entire body 

 and fins; dorsal with prominent black spot at its extreme base, anteriorly 

 . . .Northern Redfin Shiner, Notropis umbratilis cyanocephalus (Copeland) 

 Body slender, the depth much less than the length of the head; exposed por- 

 tions of scales not notably deeper than long; nuptial tubercles minute; 

 breeding males with little or no red, or with red confined to the head region; 

 dorsal fin lacking prominent black spot at its anterior base 28 



28. Snout short and blunt, its length less than two-thirds the distance from the 

 posterior margin of the eye to the posterior end of the head; body rather 

 sharply compressed; form of body elliptical, deepest near middle of length 



29 



Snout produced and sharp, its length more than two-thirds the distance 

 from the posterior margin of the eye to the posterior end of the head; body 



thicker and heavier; form of body somewhat ovate, deepest forward 



Rosyface Shiner, Notropis rubellus (Agassiz) 



29. Eye about four times in the head and located in the center of the head 



dorsoventrally Notropis percobromns (Cope) 



Eye about three times in the head and located a little above the center of 



the head dorsoventrally 



. .Common Emerald Shiner, Notropis atherinoides atherinoides Rafinesque 



