FAMILY CYPRINIDAE 145 



vertical; lower jaw distinctly included; snout rather blunt; scales of next 

 row above lateral line without definite dark bars; anal rays 7 North- 

 ern Weed Shiner, Notropis xaenocephalus richardsoni Hubbs and Greene 



38. Anal rays almost always 7 39 



Anal rays almost always 8 41 



39. Teeth usually 1 or 2, 4 — 4, 1 or 2; middorsal stripe not expanded at front of 



dorsal but surrounds base of that fin 



River Shiner, Notropis hlennius (Girard) 



Teeth 4 — 4; middorsal stripe expanded in front of dorsal fin and interrupted 

 at front of dorsal base 40 



40. Length of depressed dorsal fin distinctly more than two-thirds distance from 



dorsal fin to occiput; scales usually 32-35; body more robust 



Southern Sand Shiner, Notropis delidosits deliciosus (Girard) 



Length of depressed dorsal fin about two-thirds distance from dorsal fin to 



occiput or less; scales usually 34-38; body less robust 



Northeastern Sand Shiner, Notropis deliciosus stramineus (Cope) 



41. Mouth small; length of upper jaw about equal to diameter of eye; exposed 

 surface of anterior lateral-line scales elevated more than twice as high as 



long; teeth 4 — 4 (Notropis volucellus) 42 



Mouth large, upper jaw longer than eye; exposed surface of lateral-line 



scales not elevated, but of usual shape; teeth 1, 4 — 4, 1 



Central Bigmouth Shiner, Notropis dorsalis dorsalis (Agassiz) 



42. Color dark; exposed surface of anterior lateral-line scales about 2-3 times 



as high as long; scales in lateral line 35-38; fins rather small 



Northern Mimic Shiner, Notropis volucellus volucellus (Cope) 



Color pale; exposed surface of anterior lateral-line scales about 3-5 times as 



high as long; scales in lateral line 31-35; fins high, sharp, and fragile 



Ghost Mimic Shiner, Notropis volucellus huchanani Meek 



GENUS Cypriniis Linnaeus 



This genus is represented by one introduced species, the carp, now 

 widely spread in the United States. 



CARP (German Carp, European Carp) 

 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 



The carp (Figures 22 and 23) are large, fresh-water fishes of Asia, 

 introduced first into Europe and then into America. The mouth of* the 

 carp has two pairs of barbels, one of which is very short and extends 

 downward from the edge of the snout. The dorsal fin is long and has a 

 stout spine, which is serrated posteriorly. The anal fin also has a spine. 

 The carp has three rows of pharyngeal teeth arranged as follows: 1, 1, 

 3 — 3, 1, 1. As a result of long cultivation several varieties have become 

 established. Those most commonly observed in waters of the Upper 

 Mississippi drainage are designated, according to the prevalence or 

 absence of scales, as scale carp, mirror carp, and leather carp. The scale 

 carp are uniformly covered with heavy scales, the mirror carp have 



