MEDIEVAL CARTOGRAPHY 



But by degrees many changes were introduced into the 

 strict scheme. The outer coast-line of the continents was in 

 parts indented by bays and prolonged into peninsulas, and the 

 islands were given a less formal shape. Such attempts appear, 

 for instance, in Heinrich of Mainz's map, which is taken to 

 have been drawn in mo [cf. K. Miller, iii., 1895, p. 22], and 

 the closely related "Hereford map" of about 1280 by Richard 

 de Holdingham [cf. K. Miller, iv., 1896; Jomard, 1855]. Some 

 resemblance to these maps is shown by the " Psalter " map 

 in London, of the 

 second half of 

 the thirteenth 

 century, and the 

 closely related 

 " Ebstorf " map 

 of 1284 [cf. K. 

 Miller, iii., pp. 

 37 f.; iv., p. 3; 

 v.] ; and it is 

 quite possible 



^ ^ Northern part of the Psalter map (thirteenth century) 



be derived from 



the same original source; there is in particular a great 

 resemblance in their representation of Britain and Ireland. 

 On the first three of these maps Scandinavia, or Norway 

 (" Noreya," or " Norwegia ") forms a peninsula with gulfs 

 on the north and south sides. On Heinrich's map there is 

 beyond this an island or peninsula, called " Ganzmir," a name 

 which occurs again on the Hereford map (cf. Vol. I, p. 15 f.) ; 

 Miller explains it as a corruption of Canzia, Scanzia (Scandi- 

 navia). On the "Lambert" map in the Ghent codex of 

 before 1125 [cf. K. Miller, iii., 1895, p. 45], "Scanzia," also 

 with the name " Norwegia," is represented as a peninsula with 

 narrow gulfs running up into the continent on each side. 

 " Island " (or " Ysland ") appears on Heinrich's and the 

 Hereford maps as an island near Norway. On the Ebstorf map 



187 



