COMPASS-CHARTS 



difficult to suppose that the western inclination of Scotland 

 should have come about independently on each of the three 

 maps. There is also considerable resemblance to Edrisi in the 

 names on other parts of the chart; but Carignano has no hint 

 of Edrisi's " Island," nor of the Cottoniana's island of Tylen 

 (Thule). Whether his Scandinavia is a peninsula, as usually 

 asserted, and not rather a long island, as on the two maps in 

 question, is uncertain, since the delineation has suffered a good 

 deal and is indistinct in the inner part of the Baltic. To judge 

 from a photograph of the chart (Ongania, pi. iii) it appears to 

 me most prob- 

 able that it 

 was an island, 

 which then has 

 considerable re- 

 semblance to 

 the island of 

 Norwaga (Nor- 

 way) in Edrisi. 

 Names that are 



legible on this island or peninsula are : " noruegia," " finonia " 

 (Finmark or Finland), "suetia:" also "bergis" (Bergen), 

 "tromberg" (Tonsberg), "uamerlant" (Vermeland), "scarsa'* 

 (Skara on Lake Vener), "kundgelf" (Kungelf), "scania" 

 (Skane), "lendes" (Lund), " stocol" (Stockholm), etc. 

 On the two islands in the Baltic there is " scamor " [i.e., 

 "scanior'' (?) (Skanor), and " gothlanda " (Gotland). Many 

 of these names appear here for the first time in any 

 known authority. Carignano may have taken them from 

 older unknown maps, but he may also in some way or other 

 have received information from the North; possibly, for 

 instance, he may have had the names of ports, etc., from 

 sailors. His representation of the western part of Scandinavia, 

 with three long peninsulas [cf. Saxo], is curious; of these the 



Bjornbo, 1909, p. 213]; but an indirect influence, e.g., through Edrisi's map, is 

 possible. 



221 



Northern portion of Carignano's chart (a few years 

 later than 1300) 



