IN NORTHERN MISTS 



eastern, with " scania," might be south Sweden with Skane ; 

 the central one with " tromberg " (Tonsberg) might be Vest- 

 fold and Grenmar, and the western with Bergen might be western 

 Norway. The smaller peninsula to the north might be Tronde- 

 lagen (the district of Trondhjem) (cf. also " Historia Norvegias," 

 below, p. 235). 



Between the years 1318 and 1321 the Venetian Marino 

 Sanudo wrote a work, " Liber secretorum fidelium crucis " 

 (the Book of Secrets for Believers in the Cross), to rouse 

 enthusiasm for a new crusade, and himself presented a copy of 

 it with a dedication to the Pope at Avignon, which is probably 

 one of the two now preserved at the Vatican. The work is 

 accompanied by several charts which must have been drawn 

 by the well-known cartographer, Pietro Vesconte, in 1320, since 

 an atlas bearing his name has been found in the Vatican with 

 charts that completely correspond.^ Among them is a circular 

 map of the world of the wheel type, but on which the forms of 

 the coasts from the compass-charts are introduced. Scandinavia 

 is there represented as a peninsula with a mountain chain 

 (Kjolen?) along the middle (see map p. 223), and the names 

 " Gotilandia," " Dacia," " Suetia," " Noruega " may be read. 

 On the continent is written " Guenden Kvaenland, or 

 else = ' Suenden ' = Sweden? vel Gotia"; and on the coast 

 to the north of the peninsula is *' Liuonia " and to the south 

 of it "Frixia" (Friesland). As Kretschmer has shown, Scan- 

 dinavia was originally drawn (in both atlases) as an island, 

 but was afterwards connected with the continent by a nar- 

 row isthmus. This representation of Scandinavia as a penin- 

 sula resembles that on many of the wheel-maps mentioned 

 above (see pp. 185 f.). It also bears a strong resemblance 

 to the view of Saxo (beginning of the thirteenth century), who 

 says: ^ 



1 Cf. K. Kretschmer, 1891, pp. 352 f. Vesconte was a Genoese, but resided 

 for a long time at Venice. 



2 Cf. Saxo, ed. H. Jansen, 1900, pp. 13 f.; ed. P. Hermann, 1901, p. 12. 

 222 



