CONTENTS 



SALAMANDRA SALAMANDRA L frontispiece 



HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION, by Professor F. J. Cole, d.sc, f.r.s. 



I. TAXONOMY, LIFE-HISTORY, AND GENERAL 

 TAXONOMY 



Characteristics of Class, Order, and Sub-order 



The Family Salamandridae 



The Genus Salamandra 



Salamandra semenovi . 



Salamandra caucasica . 



Salamandra atra 



LIFE-HISTORY 



1. Fecundation and Fertilization ...... 4 



2. Deposition of Larvae ........ 6 



3. Larvae .......... 7 



4. Metamorphosis ......... 7 



5. Habits of the Adult ........ 8 



6. Geographical Distribution ....... 8 



7. Parasites and Diseases ........ 9 



GENERAL LITERATURE, ETC 10 



II. EXTERNAL FEATURES AND VARIETIES 

 EXTERNAL FEATURES 



VARIETIES 



1. Forma Typica . 



2. Variety Molleri 



3. Variety Taeniata 



III. THE SKELETON 

 THE AXIAL SKELETON 



I. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 



