HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION xxxi 



subsequent accounts are in fact less reliable than Czermak's. The 

 undulating membrane of the Salamander sperm had previously been 

 imperfectly observed by Wagner, Siebold, and Dujardin in i 837—8. 

 Dujardin interpreted it as a veiy tenuous free spiral thread wound 

 round the axis of the tail. This was corrected by Pouchet in i 845, 

 but Czermak was the first to give a classic description of the curious 

 spermatozoon of the Salamander. In 1853 Leydig described and 

 figured the pineal body and sympathetic ganglia of Salamandra, 

 and was the first to note that the Miillerian duct of the male was 

 not a branch of the Wolffian duct, but ran alongside it, the two 

 being enclosed in a common membrane. He was, however, wrong in 

 stating that the Miillerian duct opened posteriorly into the Wolffian 

 duct. The sense organs of the lateral line were first described in 

 aquatic Amphibia by F. E. Schulze in 1861, and again in 1870. 

 Leydig (1868) discovered these organs in the larval Salamander, and 

 they were re-described by Malbranc in 1875. Leydig gives a good 

 figure of the larval S. maculosa showing the number and distribution 

 of the neuromasts on the head, body, and tail. The histology of the 

 organs is also illustrated, but the methods available at the time were 

 inadequate for this purpose. It was only thirty years later that 

 Maurer successfully analysed the structure of the amphibian neuro- 

 mast, and suspected that on metamorphosis the lateral line organs 

 were eliminated from the make-up of the species. 



F. J. Cole. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 



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