44 THE SALAMANDER 



line of fusion between them is indicated by a foramen, the /or. per- 

 jorans carpi (fo.per.c), through which the A. perforans carpi passes 

 from the ventral to the dorsal side. It is by far the largest element in 

 the carpus, and articulates with the ulna, radius, radiale, centrale, and 

 basale 4. 



{d) The Metacarpals and Phalanges are all dumb-bell-shaped 

 bones with cartilaginous epiphyses. The digital formula is 1.2.3.2. 

 The homology of the fingers is fully discussed above. 



11. THE PELVIC GIRDLE AND HIND-LIMB (PL V). 

 I. The Pelvic Girdle (Figs. 34 and 35). 



This girdle is a much firmer structure than the pectoral. It is 

 firmly attached dorsally to the vertebral column, while ventrally the 

 two halves meet one another in a median symphysis. The consti- 

 tuents of the girdle are dorsally a club-shaped member, the ilium^ 

 and a ventral irregularly shaped plate, the composite pubo-ischium. 

 Anterior to this latter portion is a median-forked cartilage, the 

 cartilago ypsiloidea^ which is only doubtfully to be regarded as a part 

 of the pelvic girdle proper. 



The ilium (oaX.) (os ischii. Funk) projects dorsally from the aceta- 

 bulum with a slight backward inclination, and is firmly attached to 

 the rib of the sacral vertebra by fibrous tissue. It is a club-shaped 

 structure with the 'head' directed dorsalwards. The dorsal extremity 

 remains cartilaginous (= the epileon of Sabatier), but the remainder 

 ossifies with the exception of a small area at the junction with the 

 pubo-ischium. 



Th.Q pubo-ischium (ilio-pubis. Funk) is an irregularly shaped plate, 

 approximately quadrangular, forming an inverted arch in the trans- 

 verse plane. The posterior or ischial part of the plate is always 

 ossified — except at the symphysis — while the anterior or pubic por- 

 tion is usually pure cartilage, although it may show a varying amount 

 of ossification (cf. Wiedersheim, 1892). In the latter case it is im- 

 possible to distinguish the boundary between the pubis and ischium 

 in the adult. The pubis is perforated by a small obturator foramen 

 (fo.o) for N. obturatorius. Anteriorly the lateral part of the pubis is 

 prolonged to a short pre-pubic process (pr.p-p.) while the lateral 

 portion of the ischium projects posteriorly in a similar manner 

 forming an ischial spine. 



Both portions of the ventral plate as well as the ilium contribute 

 to the acetabulum (ac.) (cavite cotyloide, Perrin), which is large and 

 roomy, though the rim is not complete at the antero- and postero- 



