72 THE SALAMANDER 



M. cucullaris (Edgeworth) (m.c). Rylkoff (1924). 



Omo-mastoideus Funk (1827). 



Vorwartszieher der Schulter Meckel (1828). 



Levator scapulae (/)tfr/z;w) (20} .... Cams (1828). 



Spini-sus-scapulaire, portion du trapeze, masto-sus-acromial ou sterno- 

 mastoidien, ex-occipito-sus-scapulaire (28, 29, 30, 31) Duges (1834). 

 Fasciculus of Protractor scapulae .... Owen (1866). 

 Cucullaris et Sterno-cleido-mastoideus . . Rudinger (1868). 



Trapezius . . Mivart (1869); Humphry (1872); Druner (1901); 



Osawa (1902). 

 Capiti-dorso-scapularis s. Cucullaris Furbringer (1873); Hoffmann 



(1873-8). 

 Petroso-dorso-scapularis (96-7} .... Perrm (1899). 



A thin triangular sheet of muscle which arises by two heads. The 

 posterior, or cucullaris minor^ arises from the, fascia cephalodorsalis^ 

 and is consequently firmly attached to the skin. Its fibres run directly 

 ventralwards and it passes mesial to the anterior portion towards its 

 insertion, which is on the lateral border of the pro-coracoid and 

 scapula. The fibres are nearly parallel, converging slightly towards 

 their insertion. The anterior portion, or cucullaris major ^ arises partly 

 from the fascia cephalodorsalis^ but chiefly from the postero-dorsal 

 surface of the skull and from a raphe which occurs between this 

 portion of the muscle and the M. depressor mandibulae. It has a 

 fleshy insertion on the lateral face of the pro-coracoid near the 

 shoulder-joint, while a few of the posterior fibres are attached to the 

 anterior edge of the ventral end of the scapula. The cucullaris major 

 is triangular in shape, the anterior fibres being very oblique, while 

 the posterior fibres are nearly vertical. The antero-ventral edge of 

 the muscle is considerably thicker than the postero-dorsal. Although 

 the M. cucullaris is essentially a superficial muscle it lies deep to the 

 M. depressor mandibulae anteriorly, as well as to the MM. cephalo- 

 dorso-subpharyngeus and dilatator laryngis, it being necessary to re- 

 move, or turn back, these muscles in order to expose it fully. Its 

 insertion is on the adjoining parts of the pro-coracoid and scapula 

 between the M. dorsalis scapulae and the M. procoraco-humeralis. 

 Carus (1828) labels a muscle M. scapulare-cutaneus which is appar- 

 ently identical with the cucullaris minor. 



Innervation-. From N. accessorius X which enters its mesial sur- 

 face. The cucullaris minor also receives a twig from the N. thora- 

 cicus superior 2 (second spinal nerve). 



Function: The muscle must be mainly responsible for turning or 

 depressing the head according to circumstances. If the head were 



