74 THE SALAMANDER 



arise — the fascia cephalodorsalis. The fibres are closely connected 

 with the skin dorsally, and with the tendinous inscriptions of the 

 body-muscles mesially. The origin of the muscle extends backwards 

 over about three to four vertebrae, while its anterior border partially 

 overlies the M. dors. scap. The fibres converge very strongly, 

 the anterior ones being nearly vertical and the posterior ones very 

 oblique. At the shoulder-joint they pass into a very strong, flat 

 tendon which has two insertions. The first is at the postero-lateral 

 edge of the shoulder-joint, where it merges into the tendon of origin 

 of caput a (scapularis medialis) of the M. anconaeus. The second 

 insertion is on the antero-lateral border of the humerus, just behind 

 that of the M. dors. scap. The tendon of this latter insertion is very 

 long and strong, and passes mesial to the M. dors, scap., forming 

 a sort of tendinous bridge over the articulation. 



Innervation: By the N. dorso-humeralis which emerges from an 

 anastomosis of the third and fourth spinal nerves. It enters the 

 anterior border of the muscle. 



Function: It is the retractor of the humerus, and opposes the M. 

 procoraco-humeralis. 



The three muscles just described are all dorsal shoulder-muscles 

 and are lateral to the scapula. The one now to be considered also lies 

 dorsal to the shoulder-joint but mesial to the scapula. 



M. thoraci-scapularis [serratus magnus). Fiirbringer (1873); Hoff- 

 mann (1873-8). 



Depressor anguli scapulae inferioris .... Funk (1827) 

 Serratus anticus magnus (21} ..... Carus (1828) 

 Grosser Riickwartszieher der Schulter . . . Meckel (1828) 



Costo-sous-scapulai re, ou grand dentele . . . Duges (1834) 



Levator scapulae et serratus anticus major . . Owen (1866} 



Serratus anticus magnus . .... Riidinger (1868) 



Serratus magnus . . . Mivart (1869); Humphry (1872). 



Retracteur du scapulum (99, ioo)+Suspenseur scapulaire (loi) 



Perrin (1899), 

 Thoraci-superiores-serrati ..... Rylkoff(i924) 



This muscle consists of a series of bundles arising from the first five 

 ribs, which are inserted on the mesial face of the scapula. Furbringer 

 divides it into two sections, an 'Obere Partie' and an 'Untere Partie', 

 while Perrin distinguishes two distinct muscles (see above), the 

 former of which he again subdivides into two sections. Perrin's 

 grouping has been retained here, but it seems preferable to regard 

 his 'M. retracteur du scapulum' and 'M. suspenseur scapulaire' as 



