86 THE SALAMANDER 



Sous-epitrochlo-radial Duges (1834). 



Adductor Stannius (1854-6). 



Pronator teres Schmidt, Goddard, and van d. Hoeven (1864); Riidinger 



(1868); Mivart(i869). 

 Radial sector of the superficial stratum representing the Pronator teres 

 and the flexor carpi radialis . . . Humphry (1872). 



Humero-radialis volaris Hoffmann (1875-8). 



Abaisseur radio-carpien interne (39-40) . . . Perrin (1899). 



This muscle arises from the epicondylus medialis humeri together with 

 the M. flex. prim, comm., from which it is very difficult to separate 

 at the proximal end. It has a fleshy insertion all along the external 

 face of the radius (= flexor antibrachii radialis), while the most ex- 

 ternal fibres are attached to the radiale (= flexor carpi radialis). The 

 separation of these two strata is not a natural one in Salamandra, 

 since in this animal the muscle — although of medium strength — is 

 relatively weak when compared with other Urodeles (cf. Ribbing). 



Innervation : From the N. ulnaris, and from the R. superficialis N. 

 brachialis before it anastomoses with the R. profundus — for details 

 see these nerves, p. 168. 



Function : It is a flexor of the fore-arm. 



The muscle of the ulnar side of the arm corresponding to the fore- 

 going radial muscle is comparatively easily separated into its com- 

 ponents, which may therefore be considered separately. 



M. flexor carpi ulnaris (m.f.a.c.u.). Ribbing (1907). 



Abductor digiti minimi . . Schmidt, Goddard, and van d. Hoeven 



(1864); Humphry (1872). 

 Flexor digiti minimi proprius .... Riidinger (1868). 



Humero-metacarpus V volaris . . . Hoffmann (1873-8). 



Ulnaris internus ....... Eisler (1895). 



Abaisseur carpien externe (37) .... Perrin (1899). 



Together vv^ith the following muscle = 



Flexor carpi ulnaris . Carus(i828); Rymer Jones (1852); Humphry 

 (1872); Osawa (1902). 



The carpal portion is the more superficial of the two strata. It arises 

 partly from the epicondylus medialis humeri, but mainly from either 

 side of a strong raphe, from which also some of the fibres of the M. 

 flex. prim. comm. originate. It runs down the ulnar side of the fore- 

 arm and, at the level of the wrist, converges into a strong tendon 

 which is inserted on the lateral face of the ulnare+intermedium, just 

 proximal to the origin of the M. flex, brevis profundus IV. 

 Innervation : By N. ulnaris. 



